Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly manifesting as optic neuritis and/or myelitis, which are frequently recurrent/bilateral or longitudinally extensive, respectively. As the autoantibody to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) can me...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2017-07-01
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| Series: | Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285617709723 |
| _version_ | 1818260227719430144 |
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| author | Sung-Min Kim Seong-Joon Kim Haeng Jin Lee Hiroshi Kuroda Jacqueline Palace Kazuo Fujihara |
| author_facet | Sung-Min Kim Seong-Joon Kim Haeng Jin Lee Hiroshi Kuroda Jacqueline Palace Kazuo Fujihara |
| author_sort | Sung-Min Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly manifesting as optic neuritis and/or myelitis, which are frequently recurrent/bilateral or longitudinally extensive, respectively. As the autoantibody to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) can mediate the pathogenesis of NMOSD, testing for the AQP4-Ab in serum of patients can play a crucial role in diagnosing NMOSD. Nevertheless, the differential diagnosis of NMOSD in clinical practice is often challenging despite the phenotypical and serological characteristics of the disease because: (1) diverse diseases with autoimmune, vascular, infectious, or neoplastic etiologies can mimic these phenotypes of NMOSD; (2) patients with NMOSD may only have limited clinical manifestations, especially in their early disease stages; (3) test results for AQP4-Ab can be affected by several factors such as assay methods, serologic status, disease stages, or types of treatment; (4) some patients with NMOSD do not have AQP4-Ab; and (5) test results for the AQP4-Ab may not be readily available for the acute management of patients. Despite some similarity in their phenotypes, these NMOSD and NMOSD-mimics are distinct from each other in their pathogenesis, prognosis, and most importantly treatment. Understanding the detailed clinical, serological, radiological, and prognostic differences of these diseases will improve the proper management as well as diagnosis of patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:27:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52f707a5263142a2b857b8addb4e12d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-2856 1756-2864 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T18:27:59Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-52f707a5263142a2b857b8addb4e12d82022-12-22T00:16:00ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders1756-28561756-28642017-07-011010.1177/1756285617709723Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disordersSung-Min KimSeong-Joon KimHaeng Jin LeeHiroshi KurodaJacqueline PalaceKazuo FujiharaNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) mostly manifesting as optic neuritis and/or myelitis, which are frequently recurrent/bilateral or longitudinally extensive, respectively. As the autoantibody to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) can mediate the pathogenesis of NMOSD, testing for the AQP4-Ab in serum of patients can play a crucial role in diagnosing NMOSD. Nevertheless, the differential diagnosis of NMOSD in clinical practice is often challenging despite the phenotypical and serological characteristics of the disease because: (1) diverse diseases with autoimmune, vascular, infectious, or neoplastic etiologies can mimic these phenotypes of NMOSD; (2) patients with NMOSD may only have limited clinical manifestations, especially in their early disease stages; (3) test results for AQP4-Ab can be affected by several factors such as assay methods, serologic status, disease stages, or types of treatment; (4) some patients with NMOSD do not have AQP4-Ab; and (5) test results for the AQP4-Ab may not be readily available for the acute management of patients. Despite some similarity in their phenotypes, these NMOSD and NMOSD-mimics are distinct from each other in their pathogenesis, prognosis, and most importantly treatment. Understanding the detailed clinical, serological, radiological, and prognostic differences of these diseases will improve the proper management as well as diagnosis of patients.https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285617709723 |
| spellingShingle | Sung-Min Kim Seong-Joon Kim Haeng Jin Lee Hiroshi Kuroda Jacqueline Palace Kazuo Fujihara Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders |
| title | Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders |
| title_full | Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders |
| title_fullStr | Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders |
| title_short | Differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders |
| title_sort | differential diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285617709723 |
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