Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.”
The bioavailability of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food preparations depends, among other factors, on the galenic form and the control of the granulometric structure of powders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of argan pulp powder particle size on functional, physicoc...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| author | Ayoub Mourjane Hafida Hanine El Mustapha El Adnany Mourad Ouhammou Khalid Bitar Mostafa Mahrouz Ahcene Boumendjel |
| author_facet | Ayoub Mourjane Hafida Hanine El Mustapha El Adnany Mourad Ouhammou Khalid Bitar Mostafa Mahrouz Ahcene Boumendjel |
| author_sort | Ayoub Mourjane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The bioavailability of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food preparations depends, among other factors, on the galenic form and the control of the granulometric structure of powders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of argan pulp powder particle size on functional, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant bioactivity. The particle size study revealed a unimodal particle volume distribution, explaining the regular particle shape. The results relating to functional properties indicated that the critical fraction was in the range of 50–125 µm. However, the study of the particles in each class, evaluated via SEM, showed that the morphology of the pulp powder was strongly dependent on the degree of grinding. The classes in the range of 50–125 µm had the highest polyphenol content, while those of <25 µm had the highest flavonoid content (893.33 mg GAE/100 g DW and 128.67 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively). Molecular analysis via LC and GC-MS showed that particle size had a significant effect on the release of bioactive molecules. ABTS, DPPH, and TAC tests showed that the fraction, ‘‘50–125 µm’’, had the highest antioxidant activity. However, the FRAP test showed highest antioxidant activity for particles of <25 µm. The analysis of the bioactive compounds of the argan pulp powder confirmed a differential distribution, depending on the size of the particles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:53:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-52fa25bd49dc4673b7a498b4e1d9830d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:53:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj.art-52fa25bd49dc4673b7a498b4e1d9830d2023-11-19T18:06:40ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-10-01101054210.3390/separations10100542Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.”Ayoub Mourjane0Hafida Hanine1El Mustapha El Adnany2Mourad Ouhammou3Khalid Bitar4Mostafa Mahrouz5Ahcene Boumendjel6Industrial and Surface Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technics, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoIndustrial and Surface Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technics, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23000, MoroccoLaboratory of Material Sciences and Process Optimization, Faculty of Science Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Material Sciences and Process Optimization, Faculty of Science Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoIRCOS Laboratory, QI Al-Massar, Marrakesh 40000, MoroccoLaboratory of Material Sciences and Process Optimization, Faculty of Science Semlalia, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, MoroccoDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, LRB, 38000 Grenoble, FranceThe bioavailability of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food preparations depends, among other factors, on the galenic form and the control of the granulometric structure of powders. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of argan pulp powder particle size on functional, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant bioactivity. The particle size study revealed a unimodal particle volume distribution, explaining the regular particle shape. The results relating to functional properties indicated that the critical fraction was in the range of 50–125 µm. However, the study of the particles in each class, evaluated via SEM, showed that the morphology of the pulp powder was strongly dependent on the degree of grinding. The classes in the range of 50–125 µm had the highest polyphenol content, while those of <25 µm had the highest flavonoid content (893.33 mg GAE/100 g DW and 128.67 mg CE/100 g DW, respectively). Molecular analysis via LC and GC-MS showed that particle size had a significant effect on the release of bioactive molecules. ABTS, DPPH, and TAC tests showed that the fraction, ‘‘50–125 µm’’, had the highest antioxidant activity. However, the FRAP test showed highest antioxidant activity for particles of <25 µm. The analysis of the bioactive compounds of the argan pulp powder confirmed a differential distribution, depending on the size of the particles.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/10/542granulometry<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.SEMLCGC-MSantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Ayoub Mourjane Hafida Hanine El Mustapha El Adnany Mourad Ouhammou Khalid Bitar Mostafa Mahrouz Ahcene Boumendjel Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.” Separations granulometry <i>Argania spinosa</i> L. SEM LC GC-MS antioxidant activity |
| title | Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.” |
| title_full | Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.” |
| title_fullStr | Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.” |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.” |
| title_short | Determination of the Relationship between the Granulometry and Release of Polyphenols Using LC-UV, and Their Antioxidant Activity of the Pulp Powder of the Moroccan Argan Tree, “<i>Argania spinosa</i> L.” |
| title_sort | determination of the relationship between the granulometry and release of polyphenols using lc uv and their antioxidant activity of the pulp powder of the moroccan argan tree i argania spinosa i l |
| topic | granulometry <i>Argania spinosa</i> L. SEM LC GC-MS antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/10/542 |
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