Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange
The importance of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is increasing as electric vehicles (EV) become more widely used. EVCS with multiple low-carbon energy sources can promote sustainable energy development. This paper presents an optimization methodology for direct energy exchange between mul...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/19/4149 |
| _version_ | 1797575952827416576 |
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| author | Lijia Duan Zekun Guo Gareth Taylor Chun Sing Lai |
| author_facet | Lijia Duan Zekun Guo Gareth Taylor Chun Sing Lai |
| author_sort | Lijia Duan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The importance of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is increasing as electric vehicles (EV) become more widely used. EVCS with multiple low-carbon energy sources can promote sustainable energy development. This paper presents an optimization methodology for direct energy exchange between multi-geographic dispersed EVCSs in London, UK. The charging stations (CSs) incorporate solar panels, hydrogen, battery energy storage systems, and grids to support their operations. EVs are used to allow the energy exchange of charging stations. The objective function of the solar-hydrogen-battery storage electric vehicle charging station (SHS-EVCS) includes the minimization of both capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, as well as the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system constraints encompass the power output limits of individual components and the need to maintain a power balance between the SHS-EVCSs and the EV charging demand. To evaluate and compare the proposed SHS-EVCSs, two multi-objective optimization algorithms, namely the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), are employed. The findings indicate that NSGA-II outperforms MOEA/D in terms of achieving higher-quality solutions. During the optimization process, various factors are considered, including the sizing of solar panels and hydrogen storage tanks, the capacity of electric vehicle chargers, and the volume of energy exchanged between the two stations. The application of the optimized SHS-EVCSs results in substantial cost savings, thereby emphasizing the practical benefits of the proposed approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:45:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5308ba21ab3945b3bf8b38dfc4d3a684 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:45:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5308ba21ab3945b3bf8b38dfc4d3a6842023-11-19T14:17:56ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922023-10-011219414910.3390/electronics12194149Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy ExchangeLijia Duan0Zekun Guo1Gareth Taylor2Chun Sing Lai3Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UKDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UKDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UKDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UKThe importance of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) is increasing as electric vehicles (EV) become more widely used. EVCS with multiple low-carbon energy sources can promote sustainable energy development. This paper presents an optimization methodology for direct energy exchange between multi-geographic dispersed EVCSs in London, UK. The charging stations (CSs) incorporate solar panels, hydrogen, battery energy storage systems, and grids to support their operations. EVs are used to allow the energy exchange of charging stations. The objective function of the solar-hydrogen-battery storage electric vehicle charging station (SHS-EVCS) includes the minimization of both capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, as well as the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The system constraints encompass the power output limits of individual components and the need to maintain a power balance between the SHS-EVCSs and the EV charging demand. To evaluate and compare the proposed SHS-EVCSs, two multi-objective optimization algorithms, namely the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and the Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), are employed. The findings indicate that NSGA-II outperforms MOEA/D in terms of achieving higher-quality solutions. During the optimization process, various factors are considered, including the sizing of solar panels and hydrogen storage tanks, the capacity of electric vehicle chargers, and the volume of energy exchanged between the two stations. The application of the optimized SHS-EVCSs results in substantial cost savings, thereby emphasizing the practical benefits of the proposed approach.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/19/4149electric vehicle charging stationsolar powerhydrogen storagebattery storageNSGA-IIMOEA/D |
| spellingShingle | Lijia Duan Zekun Guo Gareth Taylor Chun Sing Lai Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange Electronics electric vehicle charging station solar power hydrogen storage battery storage NSGA-II MOEA/D |
| title | Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange |
| title_full | Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange |
| title_short | Multi-Objective Optimization for Solar-Hydrogen-Battery-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Energy Exchange |
| title_sort | multi objective optimization for solar hydrogen battery integrated electric vehicle charging stations with energy exchange |
| topic | electric vehicle charging station solar power hydrogen storage battery storage NSGA-II MOEA/D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/19/4149 |
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