An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor
Abstract Viruses communicate with their hosts through interactions with proteins, lipids, and carbohydrate moieties on the plasma membrane (PM), often resulting in viral absorption via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Many viruses cannot multiply unless the host’s cholesterol level remains steady. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01376-x |
| _version_ | 1827581430468706304 |
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| author | Irfan Ahmad Seyede Narges Fatemi Mohammad Ghaheri Ali Rezvani Dorsa Azizi Khezri Mohammad Natami Saman Yasamineh Omid Gholizadeh Zahra Bahmanyar |
| author_facet | Irfan Ahmad Seyede Narges Fatemi Mohammad Ghaheri Ali Rezvani Dorsa Azizi Khezri Mohammad Natami Saman Yasamineh Omid Gholizadeh Zahra Bahmanyar |
| author_sort | Irfan Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Viruses communicate with their hosts through interactions with proteins, lipids, and carbohydrate moieties on the plasma membrane (PM), often resulting in viral absorption via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Many viruses cannot multiply unless the host’s cholesterol level remains steady. The large endo/lysosomal membrane protein (MP) Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), which is involved in cellular cholesterol transport, is a crucial intracellular receptor for viral infection. NPC1 is a ubiquitous housekeeping protein essential for the controlled cholesterol efflux from lysosomes. Its human absence results in Niemann-Pick type C disease, a deadly lysosomal storage disorder. NPC1 is a crucial viral receptor and an essential host component for filovirus entrance, infection, and pathogenesis. For filovirus entrance, NPC1’s cellular function is unnecessary. Furthermore, blocking NPC1 limits the entry and replication of the African swine fever virus by disrupting cholesterol homeostasis. Cell entrance of quasi-enveloped variants of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus has also been linked to NPC1. By controlling cholesterol levels, NPC1 is also necessary for the effective release of reovirus cores into the cytoplasm. Drugs that limit NPC1’s activity are effective against several viruses, including SARS-CoV and Type I Feline Coronavirus (F-CoV). These findings reveal NPC1 as a potential therapeutic target for treating viral illnesses and demonstrate its significance for several viral infections. This article provides a synopsis of NPC1’s function in viral infections and a review of NPC1 inhibitors that may be used to counteract viral infections. Video Abstract Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:36:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-530afdb688d94b50b05b007bbf665a33 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1478-811X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:36:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| spelling | doaj.art-530afdb688d94b50b05b007bbf665a332023-12-17T12:25:01ZengBMCCell Communication and Signaling1478-811X2023-12-0121111610.1186/s12964-023-01376-xAn overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitorIrfan Ahmad0Seyede Narges Fatemi1Mohammad Ghaheri2Ali Rezvani3Dorsa Azizi Khezri4Mohammad Natami5Saman Yasamineh6Omid Gholizadeh7Zahra Bahmanyar8Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid UniversityFaculty of Veterinary, University of TehranStudent Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical SciencesAnesthesiology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Urology, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical SciencesAzad Researchers, Vitro-BiotechAzad Researchers, Vitro-BiotechSchool of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Viruses communicate with their hosts through interactions with proteins, lipids, and carbohydrate moieties on the plasma membrane (PM), often resulting in viral absorption via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Many viruses cannot multiply unless the host’s cholesterol level remains steady. The large endo/lysosomal membrane protein (MP) Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), which is involved in cellular cholesterol transport, is a crucial intracellular receptor for viral infection. NPC1 is a ubiquitous housekeeping protein essential for the controlled cholesterol efflux from lysosomes. Its human absence results in Niemann-Pick type C disease, a deadly lysosomal storage disorder. NPC1 is a crucial viral receptor and an essential host component for filovirus entrance, infection, and pathogenesis. For filovirus entrance, NPC1’s cellular function is unnecessary. Furthermore, blocking NPC1 limits the entry and replication of the African swine fever virus by disrupting cholesterol homeostasis. Cell entrance of quasi-enveloped variants of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus has also been linked to NPC1. By controlling cholesterol levels, NPC1 is also necessary for the effective release of reovirus cores into the cytoplasm. Drugs that limit NPC1’s activity are effective against several viruses, including SARS-CoV and Type I Feline Coronavirus (F-CoV). These findings reveal NPC1 as a potential therapeutic target for treating viral illnesses and demonstrate its significance for several viral infections. This article provides a synopsis of NPC1’s function in viral infections and a review of NPC1 inhibitors that may be used to counteract viral infections. Video Abstract Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01376-xNiemann-pick C1Viral infectionEbola virusSARS-CoV-2NPC1 inhibitor |
| spellingShingle | Irfan Ahmad Seyede Narges Fatemi Mohammad Ghaheri Ali Rezvani Dorsa Azizi Khezri Mohammad Natami Saman Yasamineh Omid Gholizadeh Zahra Bahmanyar An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor Cell Communication and Signaling Niemann-pick C1 Viral infection Ebola virus SARS-CoV-2 NPC1 inhibitor |
| title | An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor |
| title_full | An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor |
| title_fullStr | An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor |
| title_full_unstemmed | An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor |
| title_short | An overview of the role of Niemann-pick C1 (NPC1) in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through NPC1 inhibitor |
| title_sort | overview of the role of niemann pick c1 npc1 in viral infections and inhibition of viral infections through npc1 inhibitor |
| topic | Niemann-pick C1 Viral infection Ebola virus SARS-CoV-2 NPC1 inhibitor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-023-01376-x |
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