What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r)
Balanced time perspective (BTP) describes a tendency to focus on past, present and future time horizons that fosters well-being and positive life outcomes. Deviation from the balanced time perspective is a widespread method to measure the balance, but it makes assumptions regarding levels of time pe...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ubiquity Press
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Psychologica Belgica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.psychologicabelgica.com/articles/487 |
| _version_ | 1818134823175192576 |
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| author | Konrad S. Jankowski Marcin Zajenkowski Maciej Stolarski |
| author_facet | Konrad S. Jankowski Marcin Zajenkowski Maciej Stolarski |
| author_sort | Konrad S. Jankowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Balanced time perspective (BTP) describes a tendency to focus on past, present and future time horizons that fosters well-being and positive life outcomes. Deviation from the balanced time perspective is a widespread method to measure the balance, but it makes assumptions regarding levels of time perspectives constituting BTP. In the present research we aimed to test the assumptions regarding levels of time perspectives constituting BTP by testing associations between time perspectives and domains of well-being in four independent samples ('N' = 1150). The results showed that higher well-being was fostered by greater past positive (PP) and future (F) and lower past negative (PN) and present fatalistic (PF) time perspectives in a linear manner. As for the present hedonistic (PH) perspective, the results were inconsistent indicating that this time orientation can be unrelated to well-being or related in an inverse U-shape manner. In the light of our results the optimal values for the deviation from the balanced time perspective, as measured with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, should be revisited and changed into PN 1, PP 5, PF 1, PH 3.4, F 5, with careful consideration whether or not to incorporate PH into the formula for the deviation from the balanced time perspective at all. We also showed that the deviation from the balanced time perspective using the above values better predicts well-being than the one using previously assumed levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:14:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-531526858aab4018ba38c06b00cd2489 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-670X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:14:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Ubiquity Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Psychologica Belgica |
| spelling | doaj.art-531526858aab4018ba38c06b00cd24892022-12-22T01:13:24ZengUbiquity PressPsychologica Belgica2054-670X2020-06-0160110.5334/pb.487372What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r)Konrad S. Jankowski0Marcin Zajenkowski1Maciej Stolarski2Department of Psychometrics and Psychological Diagnosis, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, WarsawDepartment of Psychometrics and Psychological Diagnosis, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, WarsawDepartment of Psychometrics and Psychological Diagnosis, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, WarsawBalanced time perspective (BTP) describes a tendency to focus on past, present and future time horizons that fosters well-being and positive life outcomes. Deviation from the balanced time perspective is a widespread method to measure the balance, but it makes assumptions regarding levels of time perspectives constituting BTP. In the present research we aimed to test the assumptions regarding levels of time perspectives constituting BTP by testing associations between time perspectives and domains of well-being in four independent samples ('N' = 1150). The results showed that higher well-being was fostered by greater past positive (PP) and future (F) and lower past negative (PN) and present fatalistic (PF) time perspectives in a linear manner. As for the present hedonistic (PH) perspective, the results were inconsistent indicating that this time orientation can be unrelated to well-being or related in an inverse U-shape manner. In the light of our results the optimal values for the deviation from the balanced time perspective, as measured with the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, should be revisited and changed into PN 1, PP 5, PF 1, PH 3.4, F 5, with careful consideration whether or not to incorporate PH into the formula for the deviation from the balanced time perspective at all. We also showed that the deviation from the balanced time perspective using the above values better predicts well-being than the one using previously assumed levels.https://www.psychologicabelgica.com/articles/487zimbardo time perspective inventorytime perspectivebalanced time perspectivewell-beingaffectlife satisfaction |
| spellingShingle | Konrad S. Jankowski Marcin Zajenkowski Maciej Stolarski What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r) Psychologica Belgica zimbardo time perspective inventory time perspective balanced time perspective well-being affect life satisfaction |
| title | What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r) |
| title_full | What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r) |
| title_fullStr | What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r) |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r) |
| title_short | What Are the Optimal Levels of Time Perspectives? Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-Revisited (DBTP-r) |
| title_sort | what are the optimal levels of time perspectives deviation from the balanced time perspective revisited dbtp r |
| topic | zimbardo time perspective inventory time perspective balanced time perspective well-being affect life satisfaction |
| url | https://www.psychologicabelgica.com/articles/487 |
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