Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points
Soil erosion on agricultural land causes severe environmental problems and damages crop plants. Structure-from-motion with multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) together with data obtained via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) helps understand spatiotemporal changes in the ground surface if there is enough preci...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Smart Agricultural Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375523000965 |
| _version_ | 1797802710905389056 |
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| author | Yasutaka Nakata Kenta Iwasaki Seiji Shimoda Hiroyuki Torita |
| author_facet | Yasutaka Nakata Kenta Iwasaki Seiji Shimoda Hiroyuki Torita |
| author_sort | Yasutaka Nakata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil erosion on agricultural land causes severe environmental problems and damages crop plants. Structure-from-motion with multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) together with data obtained via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) helps understand spatiotemporal changes in the ground surface if there is enough precise data. However, installing ground control points in the field is labor intensive and disturbs field conditions. Here, images georeferenced using the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method were further improved using Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) analysis. This study aims to verify whether the UAV-RTK-PPK method can create precise digital surface models to evaluate topographic changes owing to erosion without ground control points. The effects of the camera's interior orientation parameters settings and the addition of oblique images to nadiral images on the precision were also examined to reduce the positional error by the doming and bowling phenomena. Field observations were conducted in a 150 m × 25 m potato field with 156 poles to consider the three-dimensional object shapes in the verification. The doming or bowling phenomena occurred using only the nadiral images. The precision of the digital surface model was approximately 0.40 and 0.20 m (in the Z-direction) using the estimated and fixed camera's interior orientation parameters, respectively. In contrast, the digital surface models produced by adding oblique images to the nadiral images had a precision of approximately 0.04 m, regardless of the camera's interior orientation parameters. Thus, a high-precision digital surface model was obtained from images acquired using the UAV-RTK-PPK and SfM-MVS methods without ground control points. The digital surface model positional precision was improved by adding oblique images to the nadiral images without having to consider the camera's interior orientation parameters. Topographic changes >0.05 m after erosion by heavy rainfall were evaluated without ground control points using the UAV-RTK-PPK method with oblique and nadiral images. Therefore, our method can monitor the erosion of agricultural fields that may cause crop damage, such as the greening of potatoes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:09:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5316820131ac42cf8746c5a6174a86e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-3755 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:09:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Smart Agricultural Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5316820131ac42cf8746c5a6174a86e12023-06-16T05:12:19ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552023-10-015100269Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control pointsYasutaka Nakata0Kenta Iwasaki1Seiji Shimoda2Hiroyuki Torita3Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan; Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Higashiyama, Koshunai, Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198, Japan; Corresponding author at: Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo Hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.Doto Station, Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Nishi5-sen 39-1, Shintoku, Hokkaido 081-0038, Japan; Center for Forest Damage and Risk Management, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, JapanHokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Memuro Research Station, NARO, (HARC/M/NARO), Shinsei-Minami, Memuro, Kasai, Hokkaido 082-0081, JapanForestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Higashiyama, Koshunai, Bibai, Hokkaido 079-0198, Japan; Division of Civil engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 059-1275, JapanSoil erosion on agricultural land causes severe environmental problems and damages crop plants. Structure-from-motion with multiview stereo (SfM-MVS) together with data obtained via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) helps understand spatiotemporal changes in the ground surface if there is enough precise data. However, installing ground control points in the field is labor intensive and disturbs field conditions. Here, images georeferenced using the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method were further improved using Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) analysis. This study aims to verify whether the UAV-RTK-PPK method can create precise digital surface models to evaluate topographic changes owing to erosion without ground control points. The effects of the camera's interior orientation parameters settings and the addition of oblique images to nadiral images on the precision were also examined to reduce the positional error by the doming and bowling phenomena. Field observations were conducted in a 150 m × 25 m potato field with 156 poles to consider the three-dimensional object shapes in the verification. The doming or bowling phenomena occurred using only the nadiral images. The precision of the digital surface model was approximately 0.40 and 0.20 m (in the Z-direction) using the estimated and fixed camera's interior orientation parameters, respectively. In contrast, the digital surface models produced by adding oblique images to the nadiral images had a precision of approximately 0.04 m, regardless of the camera's interior orientation parameters. Thus, a high-precision digital surface model was obtained from images acquired using the UAV-RTK-PPK and SfM-MVS methods without ground control points. The digital surface model positional precision was improved by adding oblique images to the nadiral images without having to consider the camera's interior orientation parameters. Topographic changes >0.05 m after erosion by heavy rainfall were evaluated without ground control points using the UAV-RTK-PPK method with oblique and nadiral images. Therefore, our method can monitor the erosion of agricultural fields that may cause crop damage, such as the greening of potatoes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375523000965Real-time kinematicStructure-from-motion with multiview stereoPost-processing kinematicObliqueNadiralErosion |
| spellingShingle | Yasutaka Nakata Kenta Iwasaki Seiji Shimoda Hiroyuki Torita Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points Smart Agricultural Technology Real-time kinematic Structure-from-motion with multiview stereo Post-processing kinematic Oblique Nadiral Erosion |
| title | Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points |
| title_full | Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points |
| title_fullStr | Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points |
| title_short | Understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the UAV-RTK-PPK method without ground control points |
| title_sort | understanding microtopography changes in agricultural landscapes through precision assessments of digital surface models by the uav rtk ppk method without ground control points |
| topic | Real-time kinematic Structure-from-motion with multiview stereo Post-processing kinematic Oblique Nadiral Erosion |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772375523000965 |
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