Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents
Slate typically possesses a pronounced layered structure and tends to soften when exposed to water, leading to numerous detrimental effects on the construction of related underground projects. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was first performed to investigate the mineral composition...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/4/1473 |
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| author | Xiuzhu Yang Jiahua Li Yongguan Zhang Jinshan Lei Xilai Li Xinyue Huang Chengli Xu |
| author_facet | Xiuzhu Yang Jiahua Li Yongguan Zhang Jinshan Lei Xilai Li Xinyue Huang Chengli Xu |
| author_sort | Xiuzhu Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Slate typically possesses a pronounced layered structure and tends to soften when exposed to water, leading to numerous detrimental effects on the construction of related underground projects. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was first performed to investigate the mineral composition of the typical slate from Changsha, China. Then, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests under varying bedding angles (i.e., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and moisture levels (i.e., dry state, natural state, and saturated state) were conducted to explore the anisotropy characteristics and susceptibility to water-induced softening of the slate. The results reveal that: (1) The exposure of slate to water exacerbates the deterioration of its layered structure, making it more prone to shear failure along the bedding planes. Furthermore, the energy released during shear-slip damage is reduced, which is macroscopically manifested by the decrease in slate brittleness and the increase in plasticity. (2) The slate’s compressive strength, elastic modulus, and cohesion vary in a U-shaped pattern with the increase in bedding angles. However, Poisson’s ratio and internal friction angle are slightly affected by the bedding angle and water content, which do not exhibit a clear variation pattern. (3) In addition, the formulations for strength and stiffness predictions of slate were also discussed in this study. The results show that the modified Hoek–Brown criterion characterizes the uniaxial and triaxial compressive strengths of slate more accurately, and the generalized Hooke’s Law more effectively predicts the elastic modulus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:43:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-53193e97dd684ea9bed56f4a05e34962 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:43:27Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-53193e97dd684ea9bed56f4a05e349622024-02-23T15:06:06ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-02-01144147310.3390/app14041473Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water ContentsXiuzhu Yang0Jiahua Li1Yongguan Zhang2Jinshan Lei3Xilai Li4Xinyue Huang5Chengli Xu6School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaGuangzhou Metro Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510010, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, ChinaSlate typically possesses a pronounced layered structure and tends to soften when exposed to water, leading to numerous detrimental effects on the construction of related underground projects. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was first performed to investigate the mineral composition of the typical slate from Changsha, China. Then, uniaxial and triaxial compression tests under varying bedding angles (i.e., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and moisture levels (i.e., dry state, natural state, and saturated state) were conducted to explore the anisotropy characteristics and susceptibility to water-induced softening of the slate. The results reveal that: (1) The exposure of slate to water exacerbates the deterioration of its layered structure, making it more prone to shear failure along the bedding planes. Furthermore, the energy released during shear-slip damage is reduced, which is macroscopically manifested by the decrease in slate brittleness and the increase in plasticity. (2) The slate’s compressive strength, elastic modulus, and cohesion vary in a U-shaped pattern with the increase in bedding angles. However, Poisson’s ratio and internal friction angle are slightly affected by the bedding angle and water content, which do not exhibit a clear variation pattern. (3) In addition, the formulations for strength and stiffness predictions of slate were also discussed in this study. The results show that the modified Hoek–Brown criterion characterizes the uniaxial and triaxial compressive strengths of slate more accurately, and the generalized Hooke’s Law more effectively predicts the elastic modulus.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/4/1473slatevarying moisture levelsuniaxial compression testtriaxial compression testanisotropyfailure modes |
| spellingShingle | Xiuzhu Yang Jiahua Li Yongguan Zhang Jinshan Lei Xilai Li Xinyue Huang Chengli Xu Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents Applied Sciences slate varying moisture levels uniaxial compression test triaxial compression test anisotropy failure modes |
| title | Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents |
| title_full | Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents |
| title_short | Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Anisotropic Slate under Different Water Contents |
| title_sort | experimental study on mechanical properties of anisotropic slate under different water contents |
| topic | slate varying moisture levels uniaxial compression test triaxial compression test anisotropy failure modes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/4/1473 |
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