Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade
Most existing railroads are composed of gravel ballast. One of the major issues with gravel ballast is frost damage in cold regions. Gravelly soils are known to be not prone to frost action due to their low water retention capacity and high hydraulic conductivity. However, reports indicated continue...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/2811 |
| _version_ | 1797473044756692992 |
|---|---|
| author | Jinung Do |
| author_facet | Jinung Do |
| author_sort | Jinung Do |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most existing railroads are composed of gravel ballast. One of the major issues with gravel ballast is frost damage in cold regions. Gravelly soils are known to be not prone to frost action due to their low water retention capacity and high hydraulic conductivity. However, reports indicated continued frost damages resulting from the mixed zone between gravel ballast and subgrade. This study evaluated the frost heaving and induced pressure of gravel ballast–subgrade soil mixtures via 1D soil column testing in a cold chamber. Gravel ballast and subgrade soil were collected from the railroad in situ. Various mixing ratios and degrees of saturation were used as factors affecting the frost experiments. The mixtures were placed in the cold chamber, and vertical displacements and pressures were measured. Overall evaluations showed that gravelly soils are not a geomaterial prone to frost damage; however, the frost potential of gravel ballast increases as the degree of saturation and the mixing portion of the subgrade soil increase. Therefore, the interfacial zone between gravel ballast and subgrade soil, especially where possible mixing with low drainage exists, needs cautions of potential frost damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:09:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53220ca425aa41439353b35e3870cdc8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:09:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-53220ca425aa41439353b35e3870cdc82023-11-24T00:19:47ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-03-01126281110.3390/app12062811Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and SubgradeJinung Do0Department of Ocean Civil Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, KoreaMost existing railroads are composed of gravel ballast. One of the major issues with gravel ballast is frost damage in cold regions. Gravelly soils are known to be not prone to frost action due to their low water retention capacity and high hydraulic conductivity. However, reports indicated continued frost damages resulting from the mixed zone between gravel ballast and subgrade. This study evaluated the frost heaving and induced pressure of gravel ballast–subgrade soil mixtures via 1D soil column testing in a cold chamber. Gravel ballast and subgrade soil were collected from the railroad in situ. Various mixing ratios and degrees of saturation were used as factors affecting the frost experiments. The mixtures were placed in the cold chamber, and vertical displacements and pressures were measured. Overall evaluations showed that gravelly soils are not a geomaterial prone to frost damage; however, the frost potential of gravel ballast increases as the degree of saturation and the mixing portion of the subgrade soil increase. Therefore, the interfacial zone between gravel ballast and subgrade soil, especially where possible mixing with low drainage exists, needs cautions of potential frost damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/2811railroadgravel ballastsubgradefrost heavingfrost heaving pressure |
| spellingShingle | Jinung Do Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade Applied Sciences railroad gravel ballast subgrade frost heaving frost heaving pressure |
| title | Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade |
| title_full | Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade |
| title_fullStr | Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade |
| title_short | Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade |
| title_sort | frost heaving and induced pressure of unsaturated interfacial zone between gravel ballast and subgrade |
| topic | railroad gravel ballast subgrade frost heaving frost heaving pressure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/6/2811 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinungdo frostheavingandinducedpressureofunsaturatedinterfacialzonebetweengravelballastandsubgrade |