Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application

Nowadays, antibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health worldwide. For this reason, non-traditional antibacterial products, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), offer an opportunity to address this issue. Although AgNPs have been proven to be effective antimicrobial agents, we studied the a...

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Main Authors: Gastón Franceschinis, Mariana Beverina, Merlina Corleto, Ayelen Morena Sosa, Cristian Lillo, Lucrecia Arias Casará, Silvia del Valle Alonso, Paulo Maffia, Jorge Montanari, Maria Eugenia Tuttolomondo, Maria Natalia Calienni
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-07-01
Series:OpenNano
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952023000270
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author Gastón Franceschinis
Mariana Beverina
Merlina Corleto
Ayelen Morena Sosa
Cristian Lillo
Lucrecia Arias Casará
Silvia del Valle Alonso
Paulo Maffia
Jorge Montanari
Maria Eugenia Tuttolomondo
Maria Natalia Calienni
author_facet Gastón Franceschinis
Mariana Beverina
Merlina Corleto
Ayelen Morena Sosa
Cristian Lillo
Lucrecia Arias Casará
Silvia del Valle Alonso
Paulo Maffia
Jorge Montanari
Maria Eugenia Tuttolomondo
Maria Natalia Calienni
author_sort Gastón Franceschinis
collection DOAJ
description Nowadays, antibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health worldwide. For this reason, non-traditional antibacterial products, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), offer an opportunity to address this issue. Although AgNPs have been proven to be effective antimicrobial agents, we studied the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of two novel AgNPs (AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2) obtained by green synthesis, their cytotoxicity on a cell line derived from human keratinocytes, and their skin penetration. These AgNPs were obtained here for the first time from an Aloe maculata aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent of Ag(I), with varying the initial silver concentrations (5 and 9 mM of AgNO3 for AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2, respectively). For all the assessments, these were compared with AgNPs obtained from a traditional chemical method employing hydroxylamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent and AgNO3 (AgNP–NH2OH·HCl). The AgNPs were characterized physicochemically by TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, UV–vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the concentration of silver forming AgNPs and the reaction yield were determined. Both green-synthesized AgNPs showed an improvement in the inhibition of bacterial growth after 24 h of incubation for E. coli and S. aureus. AgNP-Aloe-1 presented a MIC 4 times lower for both bacteria compared to AgNP–NH2OH·HCl, while AgNP-Aloe-2 presented a MIC 32 and 8 time lower for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Moreover, they produced a decrease in the biofilm biomass formation from P. aeruginosa at lower concentrations (6.25 μg/ml for AgNP-Aloe-1 and 1.56 μg/ml for AgNP-Aloe-2) than AgNP-NH2OH·HCl which only showed a reduction of 30% at the maximum concentration tested. However, AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2 were less efficient in eradicating pre-formed biofilm. Even though AgNP-Aloe-2 showed a lower reaction yield (31.7%) compared to AgNP-Aloe-1 (68.5%), they showed the best antibacterial activity. On the other hand, green-synthesized AgNPs were mainly retained in the stratum corneum of intact skin and reached lower concentrations in the viable epidermis than AgNP–NH2OH·HCl. Moreover, AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2 did not show cytotoxic effects on human keratinocytes at the antibacterial concentrations. Their improved performance and lower skin penetration could be attributed to their physicochemical properties, such as size (10–25 nm), charge (around −10 mV), and shape (tendency towards a spherical shape), but mainly to the presence of phytocompounds from the extract that remained attached to the AgNPs, as observed by Raman spectroscopy and UV–vis. For the reasons mentioned above, these novel AgNPs obtained by a more environmentally friendly method have the potential to be used as antibacterial agents, particularly for topical applications.
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spelling doaj.art-533bbebd6d684665a6b89edbcb43f0352023-06-15T04:56:31ZengElsevierOpenNano2352-95202023-07-0112100148Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical applicationGastón Franceschinis0Mariana Beverina1Merlina Corleto2Ayelen Morena Sosa3Cristian Lillo4Lucrecia Arias Casará5Silvia del Valle Alonso6Paulo Maffia7Jorge Montanari8Maria Eugenia Tuttolomondo9Maria Natalia Calienni10Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, C.P. 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), C.P. 1906 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaINQUINOA-CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, C.P. 4000 Tucumán, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas y Microbiología (LAByM), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, C.P. 1688 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de, C.P. 1425 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, C.P. 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), C.P. 1906 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de, C.P. 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Nanosistemas de Aplicación Biotecnológica (LANSAB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, C.P. 1688 Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 1900 La Plata, ArgentinaINQUINOA-CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, C.P. 4000 Tucumán, ArgentinaDepartamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, C.P. 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), C.P. 1906 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas y Microbiología (LAByM), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, C.P. 1688 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de, C.P. 1425 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de, C.P. 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Nanosistemas de Aplicación Biotecnológica (LANSAB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, C.P. 1688 Buenos Aires, ArgentinaINQUINOA-CONICET, Instituto de Química Física, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, C.P. 4000 Tucumán, ArgentinaDepartamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, C.P. 1876 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), C.P. 1906 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Nanosistemas de Aplicación Biotecnológica (LANSAB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, C.P. 1688 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Corresponding author at: Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Nanosistemas de Aplicación Biotecnológica (LANSAB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei, C.P. 1688 Buenos Aires, Argentina.Nowadays, antibiotic resistance poses a threat to public health worldwide. For this reason, non-traditional antibacterial products, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), offer an opportunity to address this issue. Although AgNPs have been proven to be effective antimicrobial agents, we studied the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of two novel AgNPs (AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2) obtained by green synthesis, their cytotoxicity on a cell line derived from human keratinocytes, and their skin penetration. These AgNPs were obtained here for the first time from an Aloe maculata aqueous extract as a reducing and capping agent of Ag(I), with varying the initial silver concentrations (5 and 9 mM of AgNO3 for AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2, respectively). For all the assessments, these were compared with AgNPs obtained from a traditional chemical method employing hydroxylamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent and AgNO3 (AgNP–NH2OH·HCl). The AgNPs were characterized physicochemically by TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, UV–vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the concentration of silver forming AgNPs and the reaction yield were determined. Both green-synthesized AgNPs showed an improvement in the inhibition of bacterial growth after 24 h of incubation for E. coli and S. aureus. AgNP-Aloe-1 presented a MIC 4 times lower for both bacteria compared to AgNP–NH2OH·HCl, while AgNP-Aloe-2 presented a MIC 32 and 8 time lower for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Moreover, they produced a decrease in the biofilm biomass formation from P. aeruginosa at lower concentrations (6.25 μg/ml for AgNP-Aloe-1 and 1.56 μg/ml for AgNP-Aloe-2) than AgNP-NH2OH·HCl which only showed a reduction of 30% at the maximum concentration tested. However, AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2 were less efficient in eradicating pre-formed biofilm. Even though AgNP-Aloe-2 showed a lower reaction yield (31.7%) compared to AgNP-Aloe-1 (68.5%), they showed the best antibacterial activity. On the other hand, green-synthesized AgNPs were mainly retained in the stratum corneum of intact skin and reached lower concentrations in the viable epidermis than AgNP–NH2OH·HCl. Moreover, AgNP-Aloe-1 and AgNP-Aloe-2 did not show cytotoxic effects on human keratinocytes at the antibacterial concentrations. Their improved performance and lower skin penetration could be attributed to their physicochemical properties, such as size (10–25 nm), charge (around −10 mV), and shape (tendency towards a spherical shape), but mainly to the presence of phytocompounds from the extract that remained attached to the AgNPs, as observed by Raman spectroscopy and UV–vis. For the reasons mentioned above, these novel AgNPs obtained by a more environmentally friendly method have the potential to be used as antibacterial agents, particularly for topical applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952023000270Silver nanoparticlesAntibacterialAntibiofilmSkin penetrationCytotoxicity
spellingShingle Gastón Franceschinis
Mariana Beverina
Merlina Corleto
Ayelen Morena Sosa
Cristian Lillo
Lucrecia Arias Casará
Silvia del Valle Alonso
Paulo Maffia
Jorge Montanari
Maria Eugenia Tuttolomondo
Maria Natalia Calienni
Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
OpenNano
Silver nanoparticles
Antibacterial
Antibiofilm
Skin penetration
Cytotoxicity
title Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
title_full Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
title_fullStr Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
title_full_unstemmed Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
title_short Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
title_sort green synthesized silver nanoparticles using aloe maculata extract as antibacterial agent for potential topical application
topic Silver nanoparticles
Antibacterial
Antibiofilm
Skin penetration
Cytotoxicity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352952023000270
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