Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia
Groundwater serves as a major drinking water source due to inadequate piped supplies in Indonesia. To eliminate the health risks associated with groundwater consumption, boiling appears as the most suitable and cost-effective treatment technique and widely practiced in Indonesia. Despite treatment e...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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EDP Sciences
2021-01-01
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| Series: | E3S Web of Conferences |
| Online Access: | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/53/e3sconf_icees2021_04002.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819143058048942080 |
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| author | Ghaudenson Rioneli Priadi Cindy Rianti Foster Tim |
| author_facet | Ghaudenson Rioneli Priadi Cindy Rianti Foster Tim |
| author_sort | Ghaudenson Rioneli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater serves as a major drinking water source due to inadequate piped supplies in Indonesia. To eliminate the health risks associated with groundwater consumption, boiling appears as the most suitable and cost-effective treatment technique and widely practiced in Indonesia. Despite treatment efforts, inappropriate water storage and handling practices pose a higher risk of recontamination after treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of groundwater boiling and treated water recontamination in Metro and Bekasi cities, Indonesia. Groundwater at the source and point of use samples were surveyed and assessed from a total of 116 households, resulting in 60% and 35% E. coli contamination, respectively. Paired testing involving boiling observed a reduction in microbial risk for 45% of households. However, 12% samples had an increase in risk even though boiling was reported. Furthermore, E. coli concentration at source prior to boiling and point of use after boiling showed a statistically significant difference (N=111, P<0.01). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, although recontamination was evident in some cases, likely due to unsafe water storage and unhygienic environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:20:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-533f7c07c31e497f8f85395d8a589ea9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2267-1242 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:20:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | E3S Web of Conferences |
| spelling | doaj.art-533f7c07c31e497f8f85395d8a589ea92022-12-21T18:26:00ZengEDP SciencesE3S Web of Conferences2267-12422021-01-012770400210.1051/e3sconf/202127704002e3sconf_icees2021_04002Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, IndonesiaGhaudenson Rioneli0Priadi Cindy RiantiFoster Tim1Faculty of Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Universitas IndonesiaInstitute for Sustainable Futures, University of TechnologyGroundwater serves as a major drinking water source due to inadequate piped supplies in Indonesia. To eliminate the health risks associated with groundwater consumption, boiling appears as the most suitable and cost-effective treatment technique and widely practiced in Indonesia. Despite treatment efforts, inappropriate water storage and handling practices pose a higher risk of recontamination after treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of groundwater boiling and treated water recontamination in Metro and Bekasi cities, Indonesia. Groundwater at the source and point of use samples were surveyed and assessed from a total of 116 households, resulting in 60% and 35% E. coli contamination, respectively. Paired testing involving boiling observed a reduction in microbial risk for 45% of households. However, 12% samples had an increase in risk even though boiling was reported. Furthermore, E. coli concentration at source prior to boiling and point of use after boiling showed a statistically significant difference (N=111, P<0.01). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, although recontamination was evident in some cases, likely due to unsafe water storage and unhygienic environment.https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/53/e3sconf_icees2021_04002.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Ghaudenson Rioneli Priadi Cindy Rianti Foster Tim Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia E3S Web of Conferences |
| title | Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia |
| title_sort | effectiveness of groundwater boiling as household water treatment in metro and bekasi cities indonesia |
| url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/53/e3sconf_icees2021_04002.pdf |
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