SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common disorders that disrupt the quality of life of millions of people. These two chronic diseases cause damage to the joint cartilage and surrounding tissues of more than 220 million people worldwide. Sex-determining region Y-related (SRY)...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4215 |
| _version_ | 1797620326064979968 |
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| author | Emad A. Ahmed Abdullah M. Alzahrani |
| author_facet | Emad A. Ahmed Abdullah M. Alzahrani |
| author_sort | Emad A. Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common disorders that disrupt the quality of life of millions of people. These two chronic diseases cause damage to the joint cartilage and surrounding tissues of more than 220 million people worldwide. Sex-determining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group (HMG) box C, SOXC, is a superfamily of transcription factors that have been recently shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. These include embryonic development, cell differentiation, fate determination, and autoimmune diseases, as well as carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The SOXC superfamily includes SOX4, SOX11, and SOX12, all have a similar DNA-binding domain, i.e., HMG. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of SOXC transcription factors during arthritis progression and their potential utilization as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The involved mechanistic processes and signaling molecules are discussed. SOX12 appears to have no role in arthritis, however SOX11 is dysregulated and promotes arthritic progression according to some studies but supports joint maintenance and protects cartilage and bone cells according to others. On the other hand, SOX4 upregulation during OA and RA was documented in almost all studies including preclinical and clinical models. Molecular details have indicated that SOX4 can autoregulate its own expression besides regulating the expression of SOX11, a characteristic associated with the transcription factors that protects their abundance and activity. From analyzing the currently available data, SOX4 seems to be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of arthritis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:39:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-534553aee3d84ba2b86feac5df53222e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:39:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-534553aee3d84ba2b86feac5df53222e2023-11-16T21:11:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01244421510.3390/ijms24044215SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for ArthritisEmad A. Ahmed0Abdullah M. Alzahrani1Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaBiological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaOsteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two common disorders that disrupt the quality of life of millions of people. These two chronic diseases cause damage to the joint cartilage and surrounding tissues of more than 220 million people worldwide. Sex-determining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group (HMG) box C, SOXC, is a superfamily of transcription factors that have been recently shown to be involved in various physiological and pathological processes. These include embryonic development, cell differentiation, fate determination, and autoimmune diseases, as well as carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The SOXC superfamily includes SOX4, SOX11, and SOX12, all have a similar DNA-binding domain, i.e., HMG. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the role of SOXC transcription factors during arthritis progression and their potential utilization as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The involved mechanistic processes and signaling molecules are discussed. SOX12 appears to have no role in arthritis, however SOX11 is dysregulated and promotes arthritic progression according to some studies but supports joint maintenance and protects cartilage and bone cells according to others. On the other hand, SOX4 upregulation during OA and RA was documented in almost all studies including preclinical and clinical models. Molecular details have indicated that SOX4 can autoregulate its own expression besides regulating the expression of SOX11, a characteristic associated with the transcription factors that protects their abundance and activity. From analyzing the currently available data, SOX4 seems to be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of arthritis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4215SOX4SOX11therapeutic targetsrheumatoid arthritisosteoarthritisinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Emad A. Ahmed Abdullah M. Alzahrani SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis International Journal of Molecular Sciences SOX4 SOX11 therapeutic targets rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis inflammation |
| title | SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis |
| title_full | SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis |
| title_fullStr | SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis |
| title_short | SOXC Transcription Factors as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Arthritis |
| title_sort | soxc transcription factors as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for arthritis |
| topic | SOX4 SOX11 therapeutic targets rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/4215 |
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