A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i>
Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading global cause of death from an infectious bacterial agent. Limiting tuberculosis epidemic spread is therefore an urgent global public health priority. As stated by the WHO, to stop the spread of the disease we need a new vaccine, with better coverage than the cu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/2/317 |
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| author | Maria Romano Flavia Squeglia Eliza Kramarska Giovanni Barra Han-Gyu Choi Hwa-Jung Kim Alessia Ruggiero Rita Berisio |
| author_facet | Maria Romano Flavia Squeglia Eliza Kramarska Giovanni Barra Han-Gyu Choi Hwa-Jung Kim Alessia Ruggiero Rita Berisio |
| author_sort | Maria Romano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading global cause of death from an infectious bacterial agent. Limiting tuberculosis epidemic spread is therefore an urgent global public health priority. As stated by the WHO, to stop the spread of the disease we need a new vaccine, with better coverage than the current <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG vaccine. This vaccine was first used in 1921 and, since then, there are still no new licensed tuberculosis vaccines. However, there is extremely active research in the field, with a steep acceleration in the past decades, due to the advance of technologies and more rational vaccine design strategies. This review aims to gather latest updates in vaccine development in the various clinical phases and to underline the contribution of Structural Vaccinology (SV) to the development of safer and effective antigens. In particular, SV and the development of vaccine adjuvants is making the use of subunit vaccines, which are the safest albeit the less antigenic ones, an achievable goal. Indeed, subunit vaccines overcome safety concerns but need to be rationally re-engineered to enhance their immunostimulating effects. The larger availability of antigen structural information as well as a better understanding of the complex host immune response to TB infection is a strong premise for a further acceleration of TB vaccine development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:11:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53537871ae1c435b8bbc8323b13abdd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:11:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-53537871ae1c435b8bbc8323b13abdd12023-11-30T21:40:46ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-01-0112231710.3390/cells12020317A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i>Maria Romano0Flavia Squeglia1Eliza Kramarska2Giovanni Barra3Han-Gyu Choi4Hwa-Jung Kim5Alessia Ruggiero6Rita Berisio7Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of KoreaInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyInstitute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, IBB, CNR, 80131 Naples, ItalyTuberculosis (TB) is still the leading global cause of death from an infectious bacterial agent. Limiting tuberculosis epidemic spread is therefore an urgent global public health priority. As stated by the WHO, to stop the spread of the disease we need a new vaccine, with better coverage than the current <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG vaccine. This vaccine was first used in 1921 and, since then, there are still no new licensed tuberculosis vaccines. However, there is extremely active research in the field, with a steep acceleration in the past decades, due to the advance of technologies and more rational vaccine design strategies. This review aims to gather latest updates in vaccine development in the various clinical phases and to underline the contribution of Structural Vaccinology (SV) to the development of safer and effective antigens. In particular, SV and the development of vaccine adjuvants is making the use of subunit vaccines, which are the safest albeit the less antigenic ones, an achievable goal. Indeed, subunit vaccines overcome safety concerns but need to be rationally re-engineered to enhance their immunostimulating effects. The larger availability of antigen structural information as well as a better understanding of the complex host immune response to TB infection is a strong premise for a further acceleration of TB vaccine development.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/2/317tuberculosisvaccineproteinstructureimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Maria Romano Flavia Squeglia Eliza Kramarska Giovanni Barra Han-Gyu Choi Hwa-Jung Kim Alessia Ruggiero Rita Berisio A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Cells tuberculosis vaccine protein structure immune response |
| title | A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> |
| title_full | A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> |
| title_fullStr | A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> |
| title_short | A Structural View at Vaccine Development against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> |
| title_sort | structural view at vaccine development against i m tuberculosis i |
| topic | tuberculosis vaccine protein structure immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/2/317 |
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