Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters
IntroductionIn Paralympic powerlifting competitions, movement execution symmetry is a technical requirement influenced by individual athlete characteristics and motor strategies. Identifying the elements associated with individual motor strategies can offer valuable insight for improving sport perfo...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1290964/full |
| _version_ | 1827773547619024896 |
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| author | Lorenzo Rum Lorenzo Rum Ruggero Romagnoli Aldo Lazich Aldo Lazich Tommaso Sciarra Nicoletta Balletti Nicoletta Balletti Maria Francesca Piacentini Alessandro Boraschi Elena Bergamini |
| author_facet | Lorenzo Rum Lorenzo Rum Ruggero Romagnoli Aldo Lazich Aldo Lazich Tommaso Sciarra Nicoletta Balletti Nicoletta Balletti Maria Francesca Piacentini Alessandro Boraschi Elena Bergamini |
| author_sort | Lorenzo Rum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionIn Paralympic powerlifting competitions, movement execution symmetry is a technical requirement influenced by individual athlete characteristics and motor strategies. Identifying the elements associated with individual motor strategies can offer valuable insight for improving sport performance. Therefore, this case series study aimed to explore muscle activation symmetry and its intra- and inter-individual variability to determine the muscles mostly related to individual motor strategies in elite Paralympic powerlifters.MethodsBilateral electromyographic activation of the anterior deltoid (AD), pectoralis major (PM), latissimus dorsi (LD), triceps (TRI) and external oblique (EO) muscles were analysed in five elite Paralympic powerlifters while performing four sets of one-repetition maximum of Paralympic bench press. Muscle activation symmetry indexes (SI) were obtained and transformed to consider individual-independent evaluation. The coefficient of variation (CV), variance ratio (VR), and mean deviation (MD) were computed to assess inter- and intra-individual variability in electromyographic waveforms and SI.ResultsBoth transformed and non-transformed SI indicated overall symmetric activation in DA, PM, TRI, and LD. Transformed SI revealed asymmetrical muscle activation of EO when grouping data (mean bilateral difference: 10%). Athletes exhibited low intra-individual SI variability in all analysed muscles (CV < 10%) and low inter-individual variability in DA, PM, LD, and TRI (CV < 10%; VR: 4%–11%; MD: 29%–43%). In contrast, higher inter-individual variability was observed in EO (CV: 23%; VR: 23%; MD: 72%–81%).ConclusionThe highest variability and asymmetry in abdominal muscle activation among athletes emphasize the importance of personalized training approaches for targeting these muscles due to their role in individualizing motor strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:23:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-535541f70f584dd3b9148e0b308fee0c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:23:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-535541f70f584dd3b9148e0b308fee0c2023-11-03T09:55:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672023-11-01510.3389/fspor.2023.12909641290964Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerliftersLorenzo Rum0Lorenzo Rum1Ruggero Romagnoli2Aldo Lazich3Aldo Lazich4Tommaso Sciarra5Nicoletta Balletti6Nicoletta Balletti7Maria Francesca Piacentini8Alessandro Boraschi9Elena Bergamini10Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, ItalyDefense Veterans Center, Celio Army Medical Center, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyDefense Veterans Center, Celio Army Medical Center, Rome, ItalyDefense Veterans Center, Celio Army Medical Center, Rome, ItalySTAKE Lab, University of Molise, Pesche, ItalyDepartment of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, ItalyPara Powerlifting Section, Italian Weightlifting Federation ‘FIPE’, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, ItalyIntroductionIn Paralympic powerlifting competitions, movement execution symmetry is a technical requirement influenced by individual athlete characteristics and motor strategies. Identifying the elements associated with individual motor strategies can offer valuable insight for improving sport performance. Therefore, this case series study aimed to explore muscle activation symmetry and its intra- and inter-individual variability to determine the muscles mostly related to individual motor strategies in elite Paralympic powerlifters.MethodsBilateral electromyographic activation of the anterior deltoid (AD), pectoralis major (PM), latissimus dorsi (LD), triceps (TRI) and external oblique (EO) muscles were analysed in five elite Paralympic powerlifters while performing four sets of one-repetition maximum of Paralympic bench press. Muscle activation symmetry indexes (SI) were obtained and transformed to consider individual-independent evaluation. The coefficient of variation (CV), variance ratio (VR), and mean deviation (MD) were computed to assess inter- and intra-individual variability in electromyographic waveforms and SI.ResultsBoth transformed and non-transformed SI indicated overall symmetric activation in DA, PM, TRI, and LD. Transformed SI revealed asymmetrical muscle activation of EO when grouping data (mean bilateral difference: 10%). Athletes exhibited low intra-individual SI variability in all analysed muscles (CV < 10%) and low inter-individual variability in DA, PM, LD, and TRI (CV < 10%; VR: 4%–11%; MD: 29%–43%). In contrast, higher inter-individual variability was observed in EO (CV: 23%; VR: 23%; MD: 72%–81%).ConclusionThe highest variability and asymmetry in abdominal muscle activation among athletes emphasize the importance of personalized training approaches for targeting these muscles due to their role in individualizing motor strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1290964/fulldisability sportParalympic powerliftingbench presswearable technologyasymmetryindividual muscle strategy |
| spellingShingle | Lorenzo Rum Lorenzo Rum Ruggero Romagnoli Aldo Lazich Aldo Lazich Tommaso Sciarra Nicoletta Balletti Nicoletta Balletti Maria Francesca Piacentini Alessandro Boraschi Elena Bergamini Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters Frontiers in Sports and Active Living disability sport Paralympic powerlifting bench press wearable technology asymmetry individual muscle strategy |
| title | Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters |
| title_full | Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters |
| title_fullStr | Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters |
| title_short | Variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy: a case series on elite Paralympic powerlifters |
| title_sort | variability analysis of muscle activation symmetry to identify indicators of individual motor strategy a case series on elite paralympic powerlifters |
| topic | disability sport Paralympic powerlifting bench press wearable technology asymmetry individual muscle strategy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1290964/full |
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