The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers
Abstract Introduction The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in preclinical studies to be involved in nicotine reinforcement and relapse‐like behavior. The common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2023239 may code for an alternative CB1R protein, alter CB1R expression, and be involv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Brain and Behavior |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1982 |
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| author | Chidera C. Chukwueke William J. Kowalczyk Marie Gendy Richard Taylor Rachel F. Tyndale Bernard Le Foll Stephen J. Heishman |
| author_facet | Chidera C. Chukwueke William J. Kowalczyk Marie Gendy Richard Taylor Rachel F. Tyndale Bernard Le Foll Stephen J. Heishman |
| author_sort | Chidera C. Chukwueke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in preclinical studies to be involved in nicotine reinforcement and relapse‐like behavior. The common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2023239 may code for an alternative CB1R protein, alter CB1R expression, and be involved in nicotine dependence. To date, no study has explored the relationship between this SNP in CB1R and specific phenotypes of nicotine dependence. Methods The current study investigated the influence of CB1R rs2023239 in nicotine reinforcement and craving in regular cigarette smokers. Current smokers (n = 104, cigarettes per day ≥ 10) were genetically grouped (C allele group vs. No C allele group) and underwent laboratory measures of nicotine reinforcement and smoking cue‐elicited craving. Nicotine reinforcement was assessed using a forced choice paradigm, while a cue‐reactivity procedure measured cue‐elicited craving. Results These results show that smokers with the C allele variant (CC + CT genotypes) experienced a lower nicotine reinforcement effect compared to those without the C allele (TT genotype). These results were similar in both our subjective and behavioral reinforcement measures, though the subjective effects did not withstand controlling for race. There was no difference between genotype groups with respect to cue‐elicited craving, suggesting a lack of influence in cue reactivity. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that the variation in the CB1R (i.e., rs2023239 SNP) may play a larger role in nicotine reinforcement compared to cue reactivity. This work provides impetus to further understand the physiological mechanisms that explain how CB1Rs influence nicotine dependence phenotypes. |
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| id | doaj.art-535a5e63f9e543188e0a9df28bc7f873 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2162-3279 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T08:53:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Brain and Behavior |
| spelling | doaj.art-535a5e63f9e543188e0a9df28bc7f8732022-12-21T21:56:01ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792021-02-01112n/an/a10.1002/brb3.1982The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokersChidera C. Chukwueke0William J. Kowalczyk1Marie Gendy2Richard Taylor3Rachel F. Tyndale4Bernard Le Foll5Stephen J. Heishman6Translational Addiction Research Laboratory Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Toronto ON CanadaIntramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore MD USATranslational Addiction Research Laboratory Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Toronto ON CanadaIntramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore MD USADepartment of Pharmacology University of Toronto Toronto ON CanadaTranslational Addiction Research Laboratory Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Toronto ON CanadaIntramural Research Program National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore MD USAAbstract Introduction The cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) has been shown in preclinical studies to be involved in nicotine reinforcement and relapse‐like behavior. The common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2023239 may code for an alternative CB1R protein, alter CB1R expression, and be involved in nicotine dependence. To date, no study has explored the relationship between this SNP in CB1R and specific phenotypes of nicotine dependence. Methods The current study investigated the influence of CB1R rs2023239 in nicotine reinforcement and craving in regular cigarette smokers. Current smokers (n = 104, cigarettes per day ≥ 10) were genetically grouped (C allele group vs. No C allele group) and underwent laboratory measures of nicotine reinforcement and smoking cue‐elicited craving. Nicotine reinforcement was assessed using a forced choice paradigm, while a cue‐reactivity procedure measured cue‐elicited craving. Results These results show that smokers with the C allele variant (CC + CT genotypes) experienced a lower nicotine reinforcement effect compared to those without the C allele (TT genotype). These results were similar in both our subjective and behavioral reinforcement measures, though the subjective effects did not withstand controlling for race. There was no difference between genotype groups with respect to cue‐elicited craving, suggesting a lack of influence in cue reactivity. Conclusion Taken together, these results suggest that the variation in the CB1R (i.e., rs2023239 SNP) may play a larger role in nicotine reinforcement compared to cue reactivity. This work provides impetus to further understand the physiological mechanisms that explain how CB1Rs influence nicotine dependence phenotypes.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1982CB1Rgenotypenicotine cue reactivitynicotine dependencenicotine reinforcement |
| spellingShingle | Chidera C. Chukwueke William J. Kowalczyk Marie Gendy Richard Taylor Rachel F. Tyndale Bernard Le Foll Stephen J. Heishman The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers Brain and Behavior CB1R genotype nicotine cue reactivity nicotine dependence nicotine reinforcement |
| title | The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers |
| title_full | The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers |
| title_fullStr | The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers |
| title_short | The CB1R rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine, but not cue reactivity, in human smokers |
| title_sort | cb1r rs2023239 receptor gene variant significantly affects the reinforcing effects of nicotine but not cue reactivity in human smokers |
| topic | CB1R genotype nicotine cue reactivity nicotine dependence nicotine reinforcement |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1982 |
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