| Summary: | Liat Gantz,1 Michel Millodot,2 Gary Lewis Roth1 1Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; 2School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKCorrespondence: Liat GantzDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, 37 Haneviim St., Jerusalem 91010, IsraelTel +972-2-629-1959Fax +972-54-723-5511Email liatg@hac.ac.ilAim: To detect alphabet patterns in a group of patients without strabismus and to determine whether they induced any convergence insufficiency type symptoms.Methods: Data on subjective refraction, distance and near heterophoria, distance and near positive fusional vergence (BO), near point of convergence (NPC), measurements of upgaze and downgaze made 45° above and below the primary position with alternate cover test and a prism bar at a distance of 37.5 cm, were collected from participants of two clinics. Symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS) to determine a symptom score. Association between alphabet patterns and the other variables was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests.Results: Out of 122 patients, 14 were found to present an alphabet pattern. Defining a V pattern exophoria ≥ 15–prism dioptre or ≥ 10–prism dioptre deviation, three patients (2.5%) and 12 patients (9.8%) were identified, respectively. In addition, one case resembled an X pattern and another a diamond pattern. The refraction, distance and near heterophoria, positive fusional vergence and CISS scores were not significantly different in the participants with V pattern compared to those without V pattern.Conclusion: Alphabet patterns, especially V type, were demonstrated in approximately 11.5% of a sample of 122 non-strabismus patients. These alphabet patterns were found not to be associated with convergence insufficiency-like symptoms.Keywords: binocular vision anomalies, incomitant deviations, alphabet patterns, V pattern; heterophoria
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