Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position
Liat Gantz,1 Michel Millodot,2 Gary Lewis Roth1 1Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; 2School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKCorrespondence: Liat GantzDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Clinical Optometry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/analysis-of-alphabet-patterns-of-deviations-found-in-patients-without--peer-reviewed-article-OPTO |
| _version_ | 1818068008499675136 |
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| author | Gantz L Millodot M Roth GL |
| author_facet | Gantz L Millodot M Roth GL |
| author_sort | Gantz L |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liat Gantz,1 Michel Millodot,2 Gary Lewis Roth1 1Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; 2School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKCorrespondence: Liat GantzDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, 37 Haneviim St., Jerusalem 91010, IsraelTel +972-2-629-1959Fax +972-54-723-5511Email liatg@hac.ac.ilAim: To detect alphabet patterns in a group of patients without strabismus and to determine whether they induced any convergence insufficiency type symptoms.Methods: Data on subjective refraction, distance and near heterophoria, distance and near positive fusional vergence (BO), near point of convergence (NPC), measurements of upgaze and downgaze made 45° above and below the primary position with alternate cover test and a prism bar at a distance of 37.5 cm, were collected from participants of two clinics. Symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS) to determine a symptom score. Association between alphabet patterns and the other variables was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests.Results: Out of 122 patients, 14 were found to present an alphabet pattern. Defining a V pattern exophoria ≥ 15–prism dioptre or ≥ 10–prism dioptre deviation, three patients (2.5%) and 12 patients (9.8%) were identified, respectively. In addition, one case resembled an X pattern and another a diamond pattern. The refraction, distance and near heterophoria, positive fusional vergence and CISS scores were not significantly different in the participants with V pattern compared to those without V pattern.Conclusion: Alphabet patterns, especially V type, were demonstrated in approximately 11.5% of a sample of 122 non-strabismus patients. These alphabet patterns were found not to be associated with convergence insufficiency-like symptoms.Keywords: binocular vision anomalies, incomitant deviations, alphabet patterns, V pattern; heterophoria |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:32:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5363883349ed4fcfa1a756446a216a53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1179-2752 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:32:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Optometry |
| spelling | doaj.art-5363883349ed4fcfa1a756446a216a532022-12-22T01:43:20ZengDove Medical PressClinical Optometry1179-27522020-03-01Volume 12495652641Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary PositionGantz LMillodot MRoth GLLiat Gantz,1 Michel Millodot,2 Gary Lewis Roth1 1Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel; 2School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKCorrespondence: Liat GantzDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, 37 Haneviim St., Jerusalem 91010, IsraelTel +972-2-629-1959Fax +972-54-723-5511Email liatg@hac.ac.ilAim: To detect alphabet patterns in a group of patients without strabismus and to determine whether they induced any convergence insufficiency type symptoms.Methods: Data on subjective refraction, distance and near heterophoria, distance and near positive fusional vergence (BO), near point of convergence (NPC), measurements of upgaze and downgaze made 45° above and below the primary position with alternate cover test and a prism bar at a distance of 37.5 cm, were collected from participants of two clinics. Symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey (CISS) to determine a symptom score. Association between alphabet patterns and the other variables was analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests.Results: Out of 122 patients, 14 were found to present an alphabet pattern. Defining a V pattern exophoria ≥ 15–prism dioptre or ≥ 10–prism dioptre deviation, three patients (2.5%) and 12 patients (9.8%) were identified, respectively. In addition, one case resembled an X pattern and another a diamond pattern. The refraction, distance and near heterophoria, positive fusional vergence and CISS scores were not significantly different in the participants with V pattern compared to those without V pattern.Conclusion: Alphabet patterns, especially V type, were demonstrated in approximately 11.5% of a sample of 122 non-strabismus patients. These alphabet patterns were found not to be associated with convergence insufficiency-like symptoms.Keywords: binocular vision anomalies, incomitant deviations, alphabet patterns, V pattern; heterophoriahttps://www.dovepress.com/analysis-of-alphabet-patterns-of-deviations-found-in-patients-without--peer-reviewed-article-OPTObinocular vision anomalies; incomitant deviations; alphabet patterns; v pattern |
| spellingShingle | Gantz L Millodot M Roth GL Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position Clinical Optometry binocular vision anomalies; incomitant deviations; alphabet patterns; v pattern |
| title | Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position |
| title_full | Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position |
| title_short | Analysis of Alphabet Patterns of Deviations Found in Patients Without Strabismus in Primary Position |
| title_sort | analysis of alphabet patterns of deviations found in patients without strabismus in primary position |
| topic | binocular vision anomalies; incomitant deviations; alphabet patterns; v pattern |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/analysis-of-alphabet-patterns-of-deviations-found-in-patients-without--peer-reviewed-article-OPTO |
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