Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS)
Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Arabic |
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College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Baghdad Science Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/4270 |
| _version_ | 1818364981321662464 |
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| author | Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman Mazlin Mohideen Yin-Hui Leong Azaharudin Awang Ahmad Norjuliana Mohd Noor |
| author_facet | Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman Mazlin Mohideen Yin-Hui Leong Azaharudin Awang Ahmad Norjuliana Mohd Noor |
| author_sort | Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular ion serve as potential markers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1-5.0 µg/g. Ten PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues were randomly selected and successfully validated for simultaneous quantification, whereby the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 5.0–50.0 µg/g with recoveries at 86.1-118.9%. The developed method of GC-EI-MS was shown to be simple, throughput, economical and had sufficient sensitivity to screen, identify and quantify PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal matrices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:13:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53645f98ee544b1489282594fe21d1b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-8665 2411-7986 |
| language | Arabic |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:13:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Baghdad Science Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-53645f98ee544b1489282594fe21d1b22022-12-21T23:29:39ZaraCollege of Science for Women, University of BaghdadBaghdad Science Journal2078-86652411-79862020-12-0117410.21123/bsj.2020.17.4.1190Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS)Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman0Mazlin Mohideen1Yin-Hui Leong2Azaharudin Awang Ahmad3Norjuliana Mohd Noor4Universiti Sains MalaysiaUniversiti Kuala Lumpur-RoyalUniversiti Sains MalaysiaUniversiti Sains MalaysiaUniversiti Sains MalaysiaSildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil are phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors used for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. This present study aims to investigate 55 herbal products indicated for men’s sexual health from the Malaysian market for adulteration of PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. The screening and identification of 20 PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal products of various forms (powder, capsules, tablets, and pastels) were conducted using gas chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS). The analysis has shown that 19 herbal products were adulterated with PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues. Unique ion fragmentations and the presence of molecular ion serve as potential markers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1-5.0 µg/g. Ten PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues were randomly selected and successfully validated for simultaneous quantification, whereby the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 5.0–50.0 µg/g with recoveries at 86.1-118.9%. The developed method of GC-EI-MS was shown to be simple, throughput, economical and had sufficient sensitivity to screen, identify and quantify PDE-5 inhibitors and analogues in herbal matrices.https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/4270Adulteration, Chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS), Herbal products, Men’s sexual health, Phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors. |
| spellingShingle | Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman Mazlin Mohideen Yin-Hui Leong Azaharudin Awang Ahmad Norjuliana Mohd Noor Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) Baghdad Science Journal Adulteration, Chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS), Herbal products, Men’s sexual health, Phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors. |
| title | Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) |
| title_full | Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) |
| title_short | Determination of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Enzyme (PDE-5) Inhibitors and Analogues as Adulterants in Selected Herbal Products using Gas Chromatography–Electron Impact-Mass Spectrometer (GC-EI-MS) |
| title_sort | determination of phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme pde 5 inhibitors and analogues as adulterants in selected herbal products using gas chromatography electron impact mass spectrometer gc ei ms |
| topic | Adulteration, Chromatography–electron impact-mass spectrometer (GC-EI-MS), Herbal products, Men’s sexual health, Phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE-5) inhibitors. |
| url | https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/4270 |
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