Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs
Abstract Background Urine is routinely evaluated in dogs to assess health. Reference ranges for many urine properties are well established, but the scope of variation in these properties over time within healthy dogs is not well characterized. Objectives Longitudinally characterize urine properties...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16860 |
| _version_ | 1827310919189790720 |
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| author | Andrew McGlynn Ryan Mrofchak Rushil Madan Christopher Madden Mohammad Jawad Jahid Dixie Mollenkopf Thomas Wittum Sheryl S. Justice Adam Rudinsky Jessica Hokamp Vanessa Hale |
| author_facet | Andrew McGlynn Ryan Mrofchak Rushil Madan Christopher Madden Mohammad Jawad Jahid Dixie Mollenkopf Thomas Wittum Sheryl S. Justice Adam Rudinsky Jessica Hokamp Vanessa Hale |
| author_sort | Andrew McGlynn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Urine is routinely evaluated in dogs to assess health. Reference ranges for many urine properties are well established, but the scope of variation in these properties over time within healthy dogs is not well characterized. Objectives Longitudinally characterize urine properties in healthy dogs over 3 months. Animals Fourteen healthy client‐owned dogs. Methods In this prospective study, dogs were evaluated for health; then, mid‐stream free‐catch urine was collected from each dog at 12 timepoints over 3 months. Urine pH, urine specific gravity (USG), protein, cultures, and antimicrobial resistance profiles were assessed at each timepoint. Results Urine pH varied within and between dogs over time (Friedman's test: within P = .03; between P < .005). However, USG, protein, and bacterial diversity of urine were consistent within dogs over time, and only varied between dogs (Kruskal‐Wallis: between all P < .005). Antimicrobial resistant isolates were identified in 12 out of 14 dogs with 34 of 48 of the isolates demonstrating resistance to amoxicillin. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Urine pH should be assessed at multiple timepoints via pH meter before making clinical decisions. Mid‐stream free‐catch urine with high concentrations of bacteria (>105 CFU/mL) should not be considered the only indicator of urinary tract infection. Bacterial isolates from dogs in this study had widespread resistance to amoxicillin/oxacillin underscoring the need for antimicrobial stewardship. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:20:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5369907abad343d9925d82c3cffdee3f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:08:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5369907abad343d9925d82c3cffdee3f2024-03-23T17:56:17ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762023-11-013762219222910.1111/jvim.16860Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogsAndrew McGlynn0Ryan Mrofchak1Rushil Madan2Christopher Madden3Mohammad Jawad Jahid4Dixie Mollenkopf5Thomas Wittum6Sheryl S. Justice7Adam Rudinsky8Jessica Hokamp9Vanessa Hale10College of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USACollege of Veterinary Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USACollege of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Biosciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USADepartment of Veterinary Preventive Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USAAbstract Background Urine is routinely evaluated in dogs to assess health. Reference ranges for many urine properties are well established, but the scope of variation in these properties over time within healthy dogs is not well characterized. Objectives Longitudinally characterize urine properties in healthy dogs over 3 months. Animals Fourteen healthy client‐owned dogs. Methods In this prospective study, dogs were evaluated for health; then, mid‐stream free‐catch urine was collected from each dog at 12 timepoints over 3 months. Urine pH, urine specific gravity (USG), protein, cultures, and antimicrobial resistance profiles were assessed at each timepoint. Results Urine pH varied within and between dogs over time (Friedman's test: within P = .03; between P < .005). However, USG, protein, and bacterial diversity of urine were consistent within dogs over time, and only varied between dogs (Kruskal‐Wallis: between all P < .005). Antimicrobial resistant isolates were identified in 12 out of 14 dogs with 34 of 48 of the isolates demonstrating resistance to amoxicillin. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Urine pH should be assessed at multiple timepoints via pH meter before making clinical decisions. Mid‐stream free‐catch urine with high concentrations of bacteria (>105 CFU/mL) should not be considered the only indicator of urinary tract infection. Bacterial isolates from dogs in this study had widespread resistance to amoxicillin/oxacillin underscoring the need for antimicrobial stewardship.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16860antimicrobial resistancecanineurine cultureurine proteinurine specific gravity |
| spellingShingle | Andrew McGlynn Ryan Mrofchak Rushil Madan Christopher Madden Mohammad Jawad Jahid Dixie Mollenkopf Thomas Wittum Sheryl S. Justice Adam Rudinsky Jessica Hokamp Vanessa Hale Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine antimicrobial resistance canine urine culture urine protein urine specific gravity |
| title | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
| title_full | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
| title_fullStr | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
| title_short | Longitudinal examination of urine pH, specific gravity, protein, culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
| title_sort | longitudinal examination of urine ph specific gravity protein culture and antimicrobial resistance profiles in healthy dogs |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance canine urine culture urine protein urine specific gravity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16860 |
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