Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a harmful pest which causes heavy loss in agricultural crops. Sex identification of M. separata is very important for understanding the biology and management of this pest. Development of fast and convenient methods to identify M....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311919628625 |
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| author | Lin CHEN Qin-jian PAN Muhammad Saad WAQAS Tong-xian LIU |
| author_facet | Lin CHEN Qin-jian PAN Muhammad Saad WAQAS Tong-xian LIU |
| author_sort | Lin CHEN |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a harmful pest which causes heavy loss in agricultural crops. Sex identification of M. separata is very important for understanding the biology and management of this pest. Development of fast and convenient methods to identify M. separata female and male is the necessary prerequisite for conducting gender-related studies. In this study, new methods to differentiate sex of M. separata at pupal and adult stages were investigated. Our results showed that posterior abdominal segments containing genital organs which are morphological traits to differentiate female and male. Genital openings are important characters for the female and male pupae differentiation. For female pupa, it locates on the ventral side of eighth and ninth abdominal segments and appears as a visible longitudinal suture; for male pupa, it locates on the ventral side of the ninth abdominal segment and appears as a short slit surrounded by a pair of visible semicircular lumps. Bristle numbers are another indicator for sex differentiation of adults. Each female has three-bristled frenulum and each male has one bristled-frenulum near the base of hind wing of each side of moth body. We confirmed the two sex differentiation methods manually by dissecting genitalia of adults and found their genger was as same as what we examined the sex of pupae and adults using the morphological methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T23:45:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-536a0f101b464fcbb4df750769f5b0fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-3119 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T23:45:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-536a0f101b464fcbb4df750769f5b0fa2022-12-21T22:11:29ZengElsevierJournal of Integrative Agriculture2095-31192020-06-0119614581463Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)Lin CHEN0Qin-jian PAN1Muhammad Saad WAQAS2Tong-xian LIU3State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/MOA Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China; Correspondence CHEN Lin, Mobile: +86-18143465653State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; Correspondence PAN Qin-jian, Mobile: +86-17326089056State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/MOA Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P.R.China; Correspondence LIU Tong-xian, Tel: +86-29-87082325The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a harmful pest which causes heavy loss in agricultural crops. Sex identification of M. separata is very important for understanding the biology and management of this pest. Development of fast and convenient methods to identify M. separata female and male is the necessary prerequisite for conducting gender-related studies. In this study, new methods to differentiate sex of M. separata at pupal and adult stages were investigated. Our results showed that posterior abdominal segments containing genital organs which are morphological traits to differentiate female and male. Genital openings are important characters for the female and male pupae differentiation. For female pupa, it locates on the ventral side of eighth and ninth abdominal segments and appears as a visible longitudinal suture; for male pupa, it locates on the ventral side of the ninth abdominal segment and appears as a short slit surrounded by a pair of visible semicircular lumps. Bristle numbers are another indicator for sex differentiation of adults. Each female has three-bristled frenulum and each male has one bristled-frenulum near the base of hind wing of each side of moth body. We confirmed the two sex differentiation methods manually by dissecting genitalia of adults and found their genger was as same as what we examined the sex of pupae and adults using the morphological methods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311919628625sex identificationpupa and adultgenital openingfrenulumgenitalia |
| spellingShingle | Lin CHEN Qin-jian PAN Muhammad Saad WAQAS Tong-xian LIU Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Journal of Integrative Agriculture sex identification pupa and adult genital opening frenulum genitalia |
| title | Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_full | Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_fullStr | Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_short | Morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |
| title_sort | morphological traits for sex identification of the oriental armyworm mythimna separata lepidoptera noctuidae |
| topic | sex identification pupa and adult genital opening frenulum genitalia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311919628625 |
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