Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants
Arsenic (As), naturally occurring metalloid and a potential hazardous material, is found in low concentrations in the environment and emerges from natural sources and anthropogenic activities. The presence of As in ground water, which is used for irrigation, is a matter of great concern since it aff...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00751/full |
| _version_ | 1818862765537755136 |
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| author | Smita Kumar Prabodh K. Trivedi |
| author_facet | Smita Kumar Prabodh K. Trivedi |
| author_sort | Smita Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arsenic (As), naturally occurring metalloid and a potential hazardous material, is found in low concentrations in the environment and emerges from natural sources and anthropogenic activities. The presence of As in ground water, which is used for irrigation, is a matter of great concern since it affects crop productivity and contaminates food chain. In plants, As alters various metabolic pathways in cells including the interaction of substrates/enzymes with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins and the replacement of phosphate in ATP for energy. In addition, As stimulates the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) quench reactive molecules with the addition of glutathione (GSH) and protect the cell from oxidative damage. GSTs are a multigene family of isozymes, known to catalyze the conjugation of GSH to miscellany of electrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. GSTs have been reported to be associated with plant developmental processes and are responsive to multitude of stressors. In past, several studies suggested involvement of plant GST gene family in As response due to the requirement of sulfur and GSH in the detoxification of this toxic metalloid. This review provides updated information about the role of GSTs in abiotic and biotic stresses with an emphasis on As uptake, metabolism, and detoxification in plants. Further, the genetic manipulations that helped in enhancing the understanding of the function of GSTs in abiotic stress response and heavy metal detoxification has been reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:05:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-536d17b17d334b60a45b2bebbbd26980 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T10:05:04Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-536d17b17d334b60a45b2bebbbd269802022-12-21T20:26:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2018-06-01910.3389/fpls.2018.00751364396Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in PlantsSmita KumarPrabodh K. TrivediArsenic (As), naturally occurring metalloid and a potential hazardous material, is found in low concentrations in the environment and emerges from natural sources and anthropogenic activities. The presence of As in ground water, which is used for irrigation, is a matter of great concern since it affects crop productivity and contaminates food chain. In plants, As alters various metabolic pathways in cells including the interaction of substrates/enzymes with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins and the replacement of phosphate in ATP for energy. In addition, As stimulates the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) quench reactive molecules with the addition of glutathione (GSH) and protect the cell from oxidative damage. GSTs are a multigene family of isozymes, known to catalyze the conjugation of GSH to miscellany of electrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. GSTs have been reported to be associated with plant developmental processes and are responsive to multitude of stressors. In past, several studies suggested involvement of plant GST gene family in As response due to the requirement of sulfur and GSH in the detoxification of this toxic metalloid. This review provides updated information about the role of GSTs in abiotic and biotic stresses with an emphasis on As uptake, metabolism, and detoxification in plants. Further, the genetic manipulations that helped in enhancing the understanding of the function of GSTs in abiotic stress response and heavy metal detoxification has been reviewed.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00751/fullabiotic stressarsenicdetoxificationglutathioneheavy metalsoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Smita Kumar Prabodh K. Trivedi Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants Frontiers in Plant Science abiotic stress arsenic detoxification glutathione heavy metals oxidative stress |
| title | Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants |
| title_full | Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants |
| title_short | Glutathione S-Transferases: Role in Combating Abiotic Stresses Including Arsenic Detoxification in Plants |
| title_sort | glutathione s transferases role in combating abiotic stresses including arsenic detoxification in plants |
| topic | abiotic stress arsenic detoxification glutathione heavy metals oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2018.00751/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smitakumar glutathionestransferasesroleincombatingabioticstressesincludingarsenicdetoxificationinplants AT prabodhktrivedi glutathionestransferasesroleincombatingabioticstressesincludingarsenicdetoxificationinplants |