Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD
Distractibility is one of the key features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has been associated with alterations in the neural orienting and alerting networks. Task-irrelevant stimuli are thus expected to have detrimental effects on the performance of patients with ADHD. Howeve...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.878994/full |
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author | Jana Tegelbeckers Jana Tegelbeckers André Brechmann André Brechmann Carolin Breitling-Ziegler Bjoern Bonath Hans-Henning Flechtner Kerstin Krauel Kerstin Krauel |
author_facet | Jana Tegelbeckers Jana Tegelbeckers André Brechmann André Brechmann Carolin Breitling-Ziegler Bjoern Bonath Hans-Henning Flechtner Kerstin Krauel Kerstin Krauel |
author_sort | Jana Tegelbeckers |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Distractibility is one of the key features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has been associated with alterations in the neural orienting and alerting networks. Task-irrelevant stimuli are thus expected to have detrimental effects on the performance of patients with ADHD. However, task-irrelevant presentation of novel sounds seems to have the opposite effect and improve subsequent attentional performance particularly in patients with ADHD. Here, we aimed to understand the neural modulations of the attention networks underlying these improvements. Fifty boys (25 with ADHD) participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which unique (novel) or repeatedly presented (familiar) sounds were placed before a visual flanker task in 2/3 of the trials. We found that presenting any sound improved task performance in all participants, but the underlying neural mechanisms differed for the type of sound. Familiar sounds led to a stronger increase in activity in the left posterior insula in patients with ADHD compared to typically developing peers. Novel sounds led to activations of the fronto-temporoparietal ventral attention network, likewise in ADHD and TD. These changes in signaling by novelty in the right inferior frontal gyrus were directly related to improved response speed showing that neural orienting network activity following novel sounds facilitated subsequent attentional performance. This mechanism of behavioral enhancement by short distractions could potentially be useful for cognitive trainings or homework situations. |
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institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1662-5161 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:15:38Z |
publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
spelling | doaj.art-536d9e6a718b47b089e92c726636d3bd2022-12-22T00:35:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612022-06-011610.3389/fnhum.2022.878994878994Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHDJana Tegelbeckers0Jana Tegelbeckers1André Brechmann2André Brechmann3Carolin Breitling-Ziegler4Bjoern Bonath5Hans-Henning Flechtner6Kerstin Krauel7Kerstin Krauel8Department of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Neuropsychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyCombinatorial Neuroimaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, GermanyCenter for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, GermanyCenter for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, GermanyDistractibility is one of the key features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has been associated with alterations in the neural orienting and alerting networks. Task-irrelevant stimuli are thus expected to have detrimental effects on the performance of patients with ADHD. However, task-irrelevant presentation of novel sounds seems to have the opposite effect and improve subsequent attentional performance particularly in patients with ADHD. Here, we aimed to understand the neural modulations of the attention networks underlying these improvements. Fifty boys (25 with ADHD) participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which unique (novel) or repeatedly presented (familiar) sounds were placed before a visual flanker task in 2/3 of the trials. We found that presenting any sound improved task performance in all participants, but the underlying neural mechanisms differed for the type of sound. Familiar sounds led to a stronger increase in activity in the left posterior insula in patients with ADHD compared to typically developing peers. Novel sounds led to activations of the fronto-temporoparietal ventral attention network, likewise in ADHD and TD. These changes in signaling by novelty in the right inferior frontal gyrus were directly related to improved response speed showing that neural orienting network activity following novel sounds facilitated subsequent attentional performance. This mechanism of behavioral enhancement by short distractions could potentially be useful for cognitive trainings or homework situations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.878994/fullADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)alertnessdistractionexecutive controlfMRInovelty |
spellingShingle | Jana Tegelbeckers Jana Tegelbeckers André Brechmann André Brechmann Carolin Breitling-Ziegler Bjoern Bonath Hans-Henning Flechtner Kerstin Krauel Kerstin Krauel Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) alertness distraction executive control fMRI novelty |
title | Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD |
title_full | Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD |
title_fullStr | Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD |
title_full_unstemmed | Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD |
title_short | Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD |
title_sort | neural mechanisms underlying the effects of novel sounds on task performance in children with and without adhd |
topic | ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) alertness distraction executive control fMRI novelty |
url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.878994/full |
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