Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile
Central Chile has been affected since 2010 by an increasing mega-drought accompanied by a historically low precipitation rate, as a probable consequence of climate change. Additionally, the increasing pressure exerted by the withdrawals of human activities, such as agriculture and metal mining, prom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1179176/full |
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| author | Jennery Jaque Jennery Jaque Naveska Melo Pinochet Naveska Melo Pinochet Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña Héctor Pizarro |
| author_facet | Jennery Jaque Jennery Jaque Naveska Melo Pinochet Naveska Melo Pinochet Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña Héctor Pizarro |
| author_sort | Jennery Jaque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Central Chile has been affected since 2010 by an increasing mega-drought accompanied by a historically low precipitation rate, as a probable consequence of climate change. Additionally, the increasing pressure exerted by the withdrawals of human activities, such as agriculture and metal mining, promotes conditions of hydric scarcity. Despite this intensive use of the watersheds and the sustained and increasing aridity, it has not been explored whether an artificial sedimentary record can trace these changes in the agricultural valleys of the region. To unravel and evaluate the recent environmental/climatic variability, the effects of the mega-drought that has pertained since 2010, extractivist pressures on a Mediterranean valley in central Chile, and sediment records were obtained from an irrigation dam and studied through a multi-proxy analysis. The dam was built and has been in operation since 1975 and is located in the Aconcagua River Valley, Valparaíso, Chile. Magnetic properties, carbon content, mineral composition, and metal content were analyzed from sediments of a 120 cm long core. Changes in vegetation cover from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed through NDVI filters. Horizons associated with drier conditions were observed in the upper zone of the core, which corresponded from the year 2001 to the present, assuming a constant sedimentation rate of 2.72 cm·yr−1. Additionally, the characteristic alternation of dry–wet conditions was observed in the deep horizon of the dam sediments. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Al, and As have increased over the years, while the concentration of Mo has decreased. Some of these elements are associated with copper mining, existing in the valley. Analysis of Landsat images from the year 2000 to the present has identified a significant decrease in vegetation cover associated with dry/wet periods, which may be related to cycles of El Niño/La Niña events. Although not all the proxies analyzed were sensitive enough to detect changes at the desired resolution, since the dam is very recent, the results shed light on the effects of the interaction between industrial activities and the decrease of water availability in multiple-use watersheds, suggesting variations in metals concentrations and changes in water availability, probably promoted by anthropic activities, climatic events, and increasing aridity in the Aconcagua River Valley. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:13:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-537cb8f63c644fdd94aabe82cd8dd57c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:13:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-537cb8f63c644fdd94aabe82cd8dd57c2023-06-30T18:51:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2023-06-011110.3389/fevo.2023.11791761179176Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central ChileJennery Jaque0Jennery Jaque1Naveska Melo Pinochet2Naveska Melo Pinochet3Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña4Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña5Héctor Pizarro6Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, ChileLaboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, ChileDepartamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, ChileLaboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, ChileLaboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, ChileMillennium Nucleus in Andean Peatlands (AndesPeat), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, ChileDepartamento de Geología, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileCentral Chile has been affected since 2010 by an increasing mega-drought accompanied by a historically low precipitation rate, as a probable consequence of climate change. Additionally, the increasing pressure exerted by the withdrawals of human activities, such as agriculture and metal mining, promotes conditions of hydric scarcity. Despite this intensive use of the watersheds and the sustained and increasing aridity, it has not been explored whether an artificial sedimentary record can trace these changes in the agricultural valleys of the region. To unravel and evaluate the recent environmental/climatic variability, the effects of the mega-drought that has pertained since 2010, extractivist pressures on a Mediterranean valley in central Chile, and sediment records were obtained from an irrigation dam and studied through a multi-proxy analysis. The dam was built and has been in operation since 1975 and is located in the Aconcagua River Valley, Valparaíso, Chile. Magnetic properties, carbon content, mineral composition, and metal content were analyzed from sediments of a 120 cm long core. Changes in vegetation cover from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed through NDVI filters. Horizons associated with drier conditions were observed in the upper zone of the core, which corresponded from the year 2001 to the present, assuming a constant sedimentation rate of 2.72 cm·yr−1. Additionally, the characteristic alternation of dry–wet conditions was observed in the deep horizon of the dam sediments. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Al, and As have increased over the years, while the concentration of Mo has decreased. Some of these elements are associated with copper mining, existing in the valley. Analysis of Landsat images from the year 2000 to the present has identified a significant decrease in vegetation cover associated with dry/wet periods, which may be related to cycles of El Niño/La Niña events. Although not all the proxies analyzed were sensitive enough to detect changes at the desired resolution, since the dam is very recent, the results shed light on the effects of the interaction between industrial activities and the decrease of water availability in multiple-use watersheds, suggesting variations in metals concentrations and changes in water availability, probably promoted by anthropic activities, climatic events, and increasing aridity in the Aconcagua River Valley.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1179176/fullAconcagua River Valleyenvironment/climatic variabilitydam sedimentsmagnetic propertiesmetals concentrationsmulti-proxy analysis |
| spellingShingle | Jennery Jaque Jennery Jaque Naveska Melo Pinochet Naveska Melo Pinochet Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña Héctor Pizarro Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Aconcagua River Valley environment/climatic variability dam sediments magnetic properties metals concentrations multi-proxy analysis |
| title | Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile |
| title_full | Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile |
| title_short | Analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega-drought in central Chile |
| title_sort | analysis of sediment from an irrigation dam in an agricultural valley impacted by the mega drought in central chile |
| topic | Aconcagua River Valley environment/climatic variability dam sediments magnetic properties metals concentrations multi-proxy analysis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1179176/full |
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