Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Various methods have been used to improve function and manage facial nerve injury. Although electrical stimulation therapy is frequently used to treat facial paralysis, its effects have been found to vary and no clear standards have been developed. The current review describes the results of preclin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/12/4133 |
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| author | Myung Chul Yoo Jeong Hee Kim Yong Jun Kim Junyang Jung Sung Soo Kim Sang Hoon Kim Seung Geun Yeo |
| author_facet | Myung Chul Yoo Jeong Hee Kim Yong Jun Kim Junyang Jung Sung Soo Kim Sang Hoon Kim Seung Geun Yeo |
| author_sort | Myung Chul Yoo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Various methods have been used to improve function and manage facial nerve injury. Although electrical stimulation therapy is frequently used to treat facial paralysis, its effects have been found to vary and no clear standards have been developed. The current review describes the results of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of electrical stimulation therapy in promoting the recovery of a peripheral facial nerve injury. Evidence is presented showing the efficacy of electrical stimulation in promoting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries in both animal models and human patients. The ability of electrical stimulation to promote the recovery of facial paralysis was found to depend on the type of injury (compression or transection), the species of animal tested, the type of disease, the frequency and method of electrical stimulation, and the duration of the follow-up. Electrical stimulation, however, can also have potential negative outcomes, such as reinforcing synkinesis, including mistargeted axonal regrowth via inappropriate routes; excessive collateral axonal branching at the lesion site; and multiple innervations at neuromuscular junctions. Because of the inconsistencies among studies and the low quality of evidence, electrical stimulation therapy is not currently regarded as a primary treatment of facial paralysis in patients. However, understanding the effects of electrical stimulation, as determined in preclinical and clinical studies, is important for the potential validity of future research on electrical stimulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:18:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-538ad119e4754379a438eb00b5917f54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:18:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-538ad119e4754379a438eb00b5917f542023-11-18T11:01:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-06-011212413310.3390/jcm12124133Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical StudiesMyung Chul Yoo0Jeong Hee Kim1Yong Jun Kim2Junyang Jung3Sung Soo Kim4Sang Hoon Kim5Seung Geun Yeo6Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaVarious methods have been used to improve function and manage facial nerve injury. Although electrical stimulation therapy is frequently used to treat facial paralysis, its effects have been found to vary and no clear standards have been developed. The current review describes the results of preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of electrical stimulation therapy in promoting the recovery of a peripheral facial nerve injury. Evidence is presented showing the efficacy of electrical stimulation in promoting nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries in both animal models and human patients. The ability of electrical stimulation to promote the recovery of facial paralysis was found to depend on the type of injury (compression or transection), the species of animal tested, the type of disease, the frequency and method of electrical stimulation, and the duration of the follow-up. Electrical stimulation, however, can also have potential negative outcomes, such as reinforcing synkinesis, including mistargeted axonal regrowth via inappropriate routes; excessive collateral axonal branching at the lesion site; and multiple innervations at neuromuscular junctions. Because of the inconsistencies among studies and the low quality of evidence, electrical stimulation therapy is not currently regarded as a primary treatment of facial paralysis in patients. However, understanding the effects of electrical stimulation, as determined in preclinical and clinical studies, is important for the potential validity of future research on electrical stimulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/12/4133facial nerveregenerationelectrical stimulationrecovery |
| spellingShingle | Myung Chul Yoo Jeong Hee Kim Yong Jun Kim Junyang Jung Sung Soo Kim Sang Hoon Kim Seung Geun Yeo Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies Journal of Clinical Medicine facial nerve regeneration electrical stimulation recovery |
| title | Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_full | Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_short | Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
| title_sort | effects of electrical stimulation on facial paralysis recovery after facial nerve injury a review on preclinical and clinical studies |
| topic | facial nerve regeneration electrical stimulation recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/12/4133 |
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