Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness
Introduction: Influenza vaccination is regarded as the most effective way to prevent influenza infection. Due to the rapid genetic changes that influenza viruses undergo, seasonal influenza vaccines must be reformulated and re-administered annually necessitating the evaluation of influenza vaccine e...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1622419 |
| _version_ | 1797680354114404352 |
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| author | Kylie E. C. Ainslie Michael Haber Walt A. Orenstein |
| author_facet | Kylie E. C. Ainslie Michael Haber Walt A. Orenstein |
| author_sort | Kylie E. C. Ainslie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Influenza vaccination is regarded as the most effective way to prevent influenza infection. Due to the rapid genetic changes that influenza viruses undergo, seasonal influenza vaccines must be reformulated and re-administered annually necessitating the evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) each year. The estimation of influenza VE presents numerous challenges. Areas Covered: This review aims to identify, discuss, and, where possible, offer suggestions for dealing with the following challenges in estimating influenza VE: different outcomes of interest against which VE is estimated, study designs used to assess VE, sources of bias and confounding, repeat vaccination, waning immunity, population level effects of vaccination, and VE in at-risk populations. Expert Opinion: The estimation of influenza VE has improved with surveillance networks, better understanding of sources of bias and confounding, and the implementation of advanced statistical methods. Future research should focus on better estimates of the indirect effects of vaccination, the biological effects of vaccination, and how vaccines interact with the immune system. Specifically, little is known about how influenza vaccination impacts an individual’s infectiousness, how vaccines wane over time, and the impact of repeated vaccination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:28:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-538c3071cf95497baa138c9fcda3d7a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-0584 1744-8395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:28:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Expert Review of Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-538c3071cf95497baa138c9fcda3d7a82023-09-20T10:18:04ZengTaylor & Francis GroupExpert Review of Vaccines1476-05841744-83952019-06-0118661562810.1080/14760584.2019.16224191622419Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectivenessKylie E. C. Ainslie0Michael Haber1Walt A. Orenstein2School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonRollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversitySchool of Medicine, Emory UniversityIntroduction: Influenza vaccination is regarded as the most effective way to prevent influenza infection. Due to the rapid genetic changes that influenza viruses undergo, seasonal influenza vaccines must be reformulated and re-administered annually necessitating the evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) each year. The estimation of influenza VE presents numerous challenges. Areas Covered: This review aims to identify, discuss, and, where possible, offer suggestions for dealing with the following challenges in estimating influenza VE: different outcomes of interest against which VE is estimated, study designs used to assess VE, sources of bias and confounding, repeat vaccination, waning immunity, population level effects of vaccination, and VE in at-risk populations. Expert Opinion: The estimation of influenza VE has improved with surveillance networks, better understanding of sources of bias and confounding, and the implementation of advanced statistical methods. Future research should focus on better estimates of the indirect effects of vaccination, the biological effects of vaccination, and how vaccines interact with the immune system. Specifically, little is known about how influenza vaccination impacts an individual’s infectiousness, how vaccines wane over time, and the impact of repeated vaccination.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1622419influenzavaccinationeffectivenesschallengestest-negativecase-controlcohortbiaswaningconfounding |
| spellingShingle | Kylie E. C. Ainslie Michael Haber Walt A. Orenstein Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness Expert Review of Vaccines influenza vaccination effectiveness challenges test-negative case-control cohort bias waning confounding |
| title | Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| title_full | Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| title_fullStr | Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| title_full_unstemmed | Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| title_short | Challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| title_sort | challenges in estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness |
| topic | influenza vaccination effectiveness challenges test-negative case-control cohort bias waning confounding |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1622419 |
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