Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story
The complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system that plays a key role in the battle of the human body against invading pathogens. Through its three pathways, represented by the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, the complement system forms a tightly regulated networ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281096/full |
| _version_ | 1797366582973825024 |
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| author | Mariam T. Heggi Hanzada T. Nour El-Din Dina I. Morsy Noha I. Abdelaziz Ahmed S. Attia |
| author_facet | Mariam T. Heggi Hanzada T. Nour El-Din Dina I. Morsy Noha I. Abdelaziz Ahmed S. Attia |
| author_sort | Mariam T. Heggi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system that plays a key role in the battle of the human body against invading pathogens. Through its three pathways, represented by the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, the complement system forms a tightly regulated network of soluble proteins, membrane-expressed receptors, and regulators with versatile protective and killing mechanisms. However, ingenious pathogens have developed strategies over the years to protect themselves from this complex part of the immune system. This review briefly discusses the sequence of the complement activation pathways. Then, we present a comprehensive updated overview of how the major four pathogenic groups, namely, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, control, modulate, and block the complement attacks at different steps of the complement cascade. We shed more light on the ability of those pathogens to deploy more than one mechanism to tackle the complement system in their path to establish infection within the human host. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:05:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-539a67d5f7ee4e30b93f8b92c6f3951f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T17:05:50Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-539a67d5f7ee4e30b93f8b92c6f3951f2024-01-04T05:01:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-01-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12810961281096Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving storyMariam T. Heggi0Hanzada T. Nour El-Din1Dina I. Morsy2Noha I. Abdelaziz3Ahmed S. Attia4Clinical Pharmacy Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptSchool of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, EgyptSchool of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, EgyptThe complement system is a fundamental part of the innate immune system that plays a key role in the battle of the human body against invading pathogens. Through its three pathways, represented by the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways, the complement system forms a tightly regulated network of soluble proteins, membrane-expressed receptors, and regulators with versatile protective and killing mechanisms. However, ingenious pathogens have developed strategies over the years to protect themselves from this complex part of the immune system. This review briefly discusses the sequence of the complement activation pathways. Then, we present a comprehensive updated overview of how the major four pathogenic groups, namely, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, control, modulate, and block the complement attacks at different steps of the complement cascade. We shed more light on the ability of those pathogens to deploy more than one mechanism to tackle the complement system in their path to establish infection within the human host.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281096/fullcomplement evasionserum resistancepathogensvirulence factorsregulation |
| spellingShingle | Mariam T. Heggi Hanzada T. Nour El-Din Dina I. Morsy Noha I. Abdelaziz Ahmed S. Attia Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story Frontiers in Immunology complement evasion serum resistance pathogens virulence factors regulation |
| title | Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story |
| title_full | Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story |
| title_fullStr | Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story |
| title_short | Microbial evasion of the complement system: a continuous and evolving story |
| title_sort | microbial evasion of the complement system a continuous and evolving story |
| topic | complement evasion serum resistance pathogens virulence factors regulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281096/full |
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