Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2
Background: Millions have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but the severity of resultant infections has varied among adults and children, with adults presenting more serious symptomatic cases. Children may possess an immunity that adults lack, possibly from childhood vaccinations. This retrospective stud...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.710010/full |
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| author | Brittany A. Comunale Lilly Engineer Lilly Engineer Yong Jiang John C. Andrews Qianna Liu Lyuqing Ji James T. Yurkovich Roderick A. Comunale Qiyi Xie |
| author_facet | Brittany A. Comunale Lilly Engineer Lilly Engineer Yong Jiang John C. Andrews Qianna Liu Lyuqing Ji James T. Yurkovich Roderick A. Comunale Qiyi Xie |
| author_sort | Brittany A. Comunale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Millions have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but the severity of resultant infections has varied among adults and children, with adults presenting more serious symptomatic cases. Children may possess an immunity that adults lack, possibly from childhood vaccinations. This retrospective study suggests immunization against the poliovirus may provide an immunity to SARS-CoV-2.Methods: Publicly available data were analyzed for possible correlations between national median ages and epidemiological outbreak patterns across 100 countries. Sera from 204 adults and children, who were immunized with the poliovirus vaccine, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of polio-immune serum on SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathology in cell culture were then evaluated.Results: Analyses of median population age demonstrated a positive correlation between median age and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and death rates. Countries with effective poliovirus immunization protocols and younger populations have fewer and less pathogenic cases of COVID-19. Antibodies to poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2 were found in pediatric sera and in sera from adults recently immunized with polio. Sera from polio-immunized individuals inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero cell cultures. These results suggest the anti-D3-pol-antibody, induced by poliovirus vaccination, may provide a similar degree of protection from SARS-CoV-2 to adults as to children.Conclusions: Poliovirus vaccination induces an adaptive humoral immune response. Antibodies created by poliovirus vaccination bind the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of both poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2, thereby preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest proteins other than “spike” proteins may be suitable targets for immunity and vaccine development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:34:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53aeec1d23d545ce8b5ed7f10c4589b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:34:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-53aeec1d23d545ce8b5ed7f10c4589b42022-12-21T18:25:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2021-08-01810.3389/fmed.2021.710010710010Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2Brittany A. Comunale0Lilly Engineer1Lilly Engineer2Yong Jiang3John C. Andrews4Qianna Liu5Lyuqing Ji6James T. Yurkovich7Roderick A. Comunale8Qiyi Xie9Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesAmerica Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, United StatesE-Mo Biology, Inc., Arcadia, CA, United StatesAmerica Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, United StatesAmerica Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, United StatesAivance Health, Inc., Jacksonville, FL, United StatesE-Mo Biology, Inc., Arcadia, CA, United StatesE-Mo Biology, Inc., Arcadia, CA, United StatesBackground: Millions have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, but the severity of resultant infections has varied among adults and children, with adults presenting more serious symptomatic cases. Children may possess an immunity that adults lack, possibly from childhood vaccinations. This retrospective study suggests immunization against the poliovirus may provide an immunity to SARS-CoV-2.Methods: Publicly available data were analyzed for possible correlations between national median ages and epidemiological outbreak patterns across 100 countries. Sera from 204 adults and children, who were immunized with the poliovirus vaccine, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of polio-immune serum on SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathology in cell culture were then evaluated.Results: Analyses of median population age demonstrated a positive correlation between median age and SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and death rates. Countries with effective poliovirus immunization protocols and younger populations have fewer and less pathogenic cases of COVID-19. Antibodies to poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2 were found in pediatric sera and in sera from adults recently immunized with polio. Sera from polio-immunized individuals inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero cell cultures. These results suggest the anti-D3-pol-antibody, induced by poliovirus vaccination, may provide a similar degree of protection from SARS-CoV-2 to adults as to children.Conclusions: Poliovirus vaccination induces an adaptive humoral immune response. Antibodies created by poliovirus vaccination bind the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of both poliovirus and SARS-CoV-2, thereby preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest proteins other than “spike” proteins may be suitable targets for immunity and vaccine development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.710010/fullSARS-CoV-2adaptive immunitypoliovirusimmunizationcross-reactivityRdRp protein |
| spellingShingle | Brittany A. Comunale Lilly Engineer Lilly Engineer Yong Jiang John C. Andrews Qianna Liu Lyuqing Ji James T. Yurkovich Roderick A. Comunale Qiyi Xie Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2 Frontiers in Medicine SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity poliovirus immunization cross-reactivity RdRp protein |
| title | Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | Poliovirus Vaccination Induces a Humoral Immune Response That Cross Reacts With SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | poliovirus vaccination induces a humoral immune response that cross reacts with sars cov 2 |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity poliovirus immunization cross-reactivity RdRp protein |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.710010/full |
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