Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs
The responsibility and role of human drivers during automated driving might change dynamically. In such cases, human-machine interface (HMI) transparency becomes crucial to facilitate driving safety, as the states of the automated vehicle have to be communicated correctly and efficiently. However, t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/10/489 |
| _version_ | 1797431551607177216 |
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| author | Yuan-Cheng Liu Nikol Figalová Klaus Bengler |
| author_facet | Yuan-Cheng Liu Nikol Figalová Klaus Bengler |
| author_sort | Yuan-Cheng Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The responsibility and role of human drivers during automated driving might change dynamically. In such cases, human-machine interface (HMI) transparency becomes crucial to facilitate driving safety, as the states of the automated vehicle have to be communicated correctly and efficiently. However, there is no standardized transparency assessment method to evaluate the understanding of human drivers toward the HMI. In this study, we defined functional transparency (FT) and, based on this definition, proposed a transparency assessment method as a preliminary step toward the objective measurement for HMI understanding. The proposed method was verified in an online survey where HMIs of different vehicle manufacturers were adopted and their transparencies assessed. Even though no significant result was found among HMI designs, FT was found to be significantly higher for participants more experienced with SAE Level 2 automated vehicles, suggesting that more experienced users understand the HMIs better. Further identification tests revealed that more icons in BMW’s and VW’s HMI designs were correctly used to evaluate the state of longitudinal and lateral control. This study provides a novel method for assessing transparency and minimizing confusion during automated driving, which could greatly assist the HMI design process in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:45:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53af0ce3934c4d30b1c196c16ed2cffc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:45:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-53af0ce3934c4d30b1c196c16ed2cffc2023-12-02T00:33:04ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892022-10-01131048910.3390/info13100489Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIsYuan-Cheng Liu0Nikol Figalová1Klaus Bengler2Chair of Ergonomics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, GermanyClinical and Health Psychology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 41, 89069 Ulm, GermanyChair of Ergonomics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, GermanyThe responsibility and role of human drivers during automated driving might change dynamically. In such cases, human-machine interface (HMI) transparency becomes crucial to facilitate driving safety, as the states of the automated vehicle have to be communicated correctly and efficiently. However, there is no standardized transparency assessment method to evaluate the understanding of human drivers toward the HMI. In this study, we defined functional transparency (FT) and, based on this definition, proposed a transparency assessment method as a preliminary step toward the objective measurement for HMI understanding. The proposed method was verified in an online survey where HMIs of different vehicle manufacturers were adopted and their transparencies assessed. Even though no significant result was found among HMI designs, FT was found to be significantly higher for participants more experienced with SAE Level 2 automated vehicles, suggesting that more experienced users understand the HMIs better. Further identification tests revealed that more icons in BMW’s and VW’s HMI designs were correctly used to evaluate the state of longitudinal and lateral control. This study provides a novel method for assessing transparency and minimizing confusion during automated driving, which could greatly assist the HMI design process in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/10/489automated drivinghuman-machine interfacetransparencyassessment method |
| spellingShingle | Yuan-Cheng Liu Nikol Figalová Klaus Bengler Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs Information automated driving human-machine interface transparency assessment method |
| title | Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs |
| title_full | Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs |
| title_fullStr | Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs |
| title_short | Transparency Assessment on Level 2 Automated Vehicle HMIs |
| title_sort | transparency assessment on level 2 automated vehicle hmis |
| topic | automated driving human-machine interface transparency assessment method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/10/489 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuanchengliu transparencyassessmentonlevel2automatedvehiclehmis AT nikolfigalova transparencyassessmentonlevel2automatedvehiclehmis AT klausbengler transparencyassessmentonlevel2automatedvehiclehmis |