Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts
Drought and allelopathic conditions impact the germination of seeds of grass and legume species used in mixtures on grassland. This study evaluated the effects of drought and <i>Medicago sativa</i> root extracts at different pH levels on the germination and characteristics of seedlings o...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/910 |
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| author | Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz Grażyna Mastalerczuk |
| author_facet | Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz Grażyna Mastalerczuk |
| author_sort | Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drought and allelopathic conditions impact the germination of seeds of grass and legume species used in mixtures on grassland. This study evaluated the effects of drought and <i>Medicago sativa</i> root extracts at different pH levels on the germination and characteristics of seedlings of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and selected <i>Medicago</i> species. Two experiments were carried out: the first explored the effects of drought induced by PEG solutions (0.0, −0.3, and −0.6 MPa) under silicon (Si) application; the second studied the influence of <i>Medicago sativa</i> root extracts (12 and 24 g/100 mL H<sub>2</sub>O) and variable pH solutions (control, 5.0, and 6.5) on seed germination. Germination was carried out on Petri dishes for individual species and in two-species mixtures. The drought conditions did not affect the germination capacity of seeds, but it increased the dry weight of the seedlings of the tested species. The application of silicon decreased the root length of the seedlings of all species, independent of the germination conditions. The higher concentration of <i>M. sativa</i> root extract combined with the studied pH solutions had an inhibitive impact on the germination capacity of <i>L. perenne</i>. Our findings revealed that the lower concentration of <i>M. sativa</i> root extract had a beneficial effect on the morphological features (length of roots and leaves, fresh and dry weight) of the seedlings when germination was carried out separately for both species. In the mixture, the effect was especially marked for <i>L. perenne</i> (only in terms of the root length and fresh weight of seedlings). The applied root extracts in combination with the acidic pH conditions limited the germination capacity and growth of the seedlings of <i>L. perenne</i> the most when germination was performed separately. It was concluded from this study that silicon application did not improve the germination capacity of seeds under drought conditions, whereas the germination of <i>L. perenne</i> seeds in a mixture with <i>M. sativa</i> mitigated the negative allelopathic effects of <i>M. sativa</i> root extracts on the seed germination capacity and morphological features of seedlings of <i>L. perenne</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:14:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-53b42681d69a4fe6a8b61ae4f4dd9166 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:14:41Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-53b42681d69a4fe6a8b61ae4f4dd91662023-11-16T22:49:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-02-0112491010.3390/plants12040910Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root ExtractsBarbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz0Grażyna Mastalerczuk1Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 St., 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 St., 02-776 Warsaw, PolandDrought and allelopathic conditions impact the germination of seeds of grass and legume species used in mixtures on grassland. This study evaluated the effects of drought and <i>Medicago sativa</i> root extracts at different pH levels on the germination and characteristics of seedlings of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and selected <i>Medicago</i> species. Two experiments were carried out: the first explored the effects of drought induced by PEG solutions (0.0, −0.3, and −0.6 MPa) under silicon (Si) application; the second studied the influence of <i>Medicago sativa</i> root extracts (12 and 24 g/100 mL H<sub>2</sub>O) and variable pH solutions (control, 5.0, and 6.5) on seed germination. Germination was carried out on Petri dishes for individual species and in two-species mixtures. The drought conditions did not affect the germination capacity of seeds, but it increased the dry weight of the seedlings of the tested species. The application of silicon decreased the root length of the seedlings of all species, independent of the germination conditions. The higher concentration of <i>M. sativa</i> root extract combined with the studied pH solutions had an inhibitive impact on the germination capacity of <i>L. perenne</i>. Our findings revealed that the lower concentration of <i>M. sativa</i> root extract had a beneficial effect on the morphological features (length of roots and leaves, fresh and dry weight) of the seedlings when germination was carried out separately for both species. In the mixture, the effect was especially marked for <i>L. perenne</i> (only in terms of the root length and fresh weight of seedlings). The applied root extracts in combination with the acidic pH conditions limited the germination capacity and growth of the seedlings of <i>L. perenne</i> the most when germination was performed separately. It was concluded from this study that silicon application did not improve the germination capacity of seeds under drought conditions, whereas the germination of <i>L. perenne</i> seeds in a mixture with <i>M. sativa</i> mitigated the negative allelopathic effects of <i>M. sativa</i> root extracts on the seed germination capacity and morphological features of seedlings of <i>L. perenne</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/910allelopathydroughtgermination capacitygrasseslegumesseedling morphological traits |
| spellingShingle | Barbara Borawska-Jarmułowicz Grażyna Mastalerczuk Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts Plants allelopathy drought germination capacity grasses legumes seedling morphological traits |
| title | Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts |
| title_full | Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts |
| title_short | Germination of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Medicago</i> Species under the Conditions of Drought and Silicon Application as Well as Variable pH and <i>Medicago sativa</i> Root Extracts |
| title_sort | germination of i lolium perenne i and i medicago i species under the conditions of drought and silicon application as well as variable ph and i medicago sativa i root extracts |
| topic | allelopathy drought germination capacity grasses legumes seedling morphological traits |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/4/910 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT barbaraborawskajarmułowicz germinationofiloliumperenneiandimedicagoispeciesundertheconditionsofdroughtandsiliconapplicationaswellasvariablephandimedicagosativairootextracts AT grazynamastalerczuk germinationofiloliumperenneiandimedicagoispeciesundertheconditionsofdroughtandsiliconapplicationaswellasvariablephandimedicagosativairootextracts |