The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air
Towards the development of low-power miniature gas detectors, there is a high interest in the research of light-activated metal oxide gas sensors capable to operate at room temperature (RT). Herein, we study ZnO nanostructures grown by the electrochemical deposition method over Si/SiO<sub>2<...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/7/181 |
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| author | Maksim A. Solomatin Olga E. Glukhova Fedor S. Fedorov Martin Sommer Vladislav V. Shunaev Alexey S. Varezhnikov Albert G. Nasibulin Nikolay M. Ushakov Victor V. Sysoev |
| author_facet | Maksim A. Solomatin Olga E. Glukhova Fedor S. Fedorov Martin Sommer Vladislav V. Shunaev Alexey S. Varezhnikov Albert G. Nasibulin Nikolay M. Ushakov Victor V. Sysoev |
| author_sort | Maksim A. Solomatin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Towards the development of low-power miniature gas detectors, there is a high interest in the research of light-activated metal oxide gas sensors capable to operate at room temperature (RT). Herein, we study ZnO nanostructures grown by the electrochemical deposition method over Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates equipped by multiple Pt electrodes to serve as on-chip gas monitors and thoroughly estimate its chemiresistive performance upon exposing to two model VOCs, isopropanol and benzene, in a wide operating temperature range, from RT to 350 °C, and LED-powered UV illumination, 380 nm wavelength; the dry air and humid-enriched, 50 rel. %, air are employed as a background. We show that the UV activation allows one to get a distinctive chemiresistive signal of the ZnO sensor to isopropanol at RT regardless of the interfering presence of H<sub>2</sub>O vapors. On the contrary, the benzene vapors do not react with UV-illuminated ZnO at RT under dry air while the humidity’s appearance gives an opportunity to detect this gas. Still, both VOCs are well detected by the ZnO sensor under heating at a 200–350 °C range independently on additional UV exciting. We employ quantum chemical calculations to explain the differences between these two VOCs’ interactions with ZnO surface by a remarkable distinction of the binding energies characterizing single molecules, which is −0.44 eV in the case of isopropanol and −3.67 eV in the case of benzene. The full covering of a ZnO supercell by H<sub>2</sub>O molecules taken for the effect’s estimation shifts the binding energies to −0.50 eV and −0.72 eV, respectively. This theory insight supports the experimental observation that benzene could not react with ZnO surface at RT under employed LED UV without humidity’s presence, indifference to isopropanol. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:03Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:42:03Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-53b7ce862c1749558c6b7209fedf53fe2023-11-22T03:31:21ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402021-07-019718110.3390/chemosensors9070181The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet AirMaksim A. Solomatin0Olga E. Glukhova1Fedor S. Fedorov2Martin Sommer3Vladislav V. Shunaev4Alexey S. Varezhnikov5Albert G. Nasibulin6Nikolay M. Ushakov7Victor V. Sysoev8Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, RussiaInstitute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, RussiaSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Physics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, RussiaDepartment of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, RussiaSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, RussiaSaratov Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, 410019 Saratov, RussiaDepartment of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, RussiaTowards the development of low-power miniature gas detectors, there is a high interest in the research of light-activated metal oxide gas sensors capable to operate at room temperature (RT). Herein, we study ZnO nanostructures grown by the electrochemical deposition method over Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates equipped by multiple Pt electrodes to serve as on-chip gas monitors and thoroughly estimate its chemiresistive performance upon exposing to two model VOCs, isopropanol and benzene, in a wide operating temperature range, from RT to 350 °C, and LED-powered UV illumination, 380 nm wavelength; the dry air and humid-enriched, 50 rel. %, air are employed as a background. We show that the UV activation allows one to get a distinctive chemiresistive signal of the ZnO sensor to isopropanol at RT regardless of the interfering presence of H<sub>2</sub>O vapors. On the contrary, the benzene vapors do not react with UV-illuminated ZnO at RT under dry air while the humidity’s appearance gives an opportunity to detect this gas. Still, both VOCs are well detected by the ZnO sensor under heating at a 200–350 °C range independently on additional UV exciting. We employ quantum chemical calculations to explain the differences between these two VOCs’ interactions with ZnO surface by a remarkable distinction of the binding energies characterizing single molecules, which is −0.44 eV in the case of isopropanol and −3.67 eV in the case of benzene. The full covering of a ZnO supercell by H<sub>2</sub>O molecules taken for the effect’s estimation shifts the binding energies to −0.50 eV and −0.72 eV, respectively. This theory insight supports the experimental observation that benzene could not react with ZnO surface at RT under employed LED UV without humidity’s presence, indifference to isopropanol.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/7/181electrochemical depositionzinc oxidechemiresistive effectgas sensorDFTBmicroarray |
| spellingShingle | Maksim A. Solomatin Olga E. Glukhova Fedor S. Fedorov Martin Sommer Vladislav V. Shunaev Alexey S. Varezhnikov Albert G. Nasibulin Nikolay M. Ushakov Victor V. Sysoev The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air Chemosensors electrochemical deposition zinc oxide chemiresistive effect gas sensor DFTB microarray |
| title | The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air |
| title_full | The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air |
| title_fullStr | The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air |
| title_full_unstemmed | The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air |
| title_short | The UV Effect on the Chemiresistive Response of ZnO Nanostructures to Isopropanol and Benzene at PPM Concentrations in Mixture with Dry and Wet Air |
| title_sort | uv effect on the chemiresistive response of zno nanostructures to isopropanol and benzene at ppm concentrations in mixture with dry and wet air |
| topic | electrochemical deposition zinc oxide chemiresistive effect gas sensor DFTB microarray |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/7/181 |
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