Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution
Porous biochar containing graphitic carbon materials have received great attention from various disciplines, especially for environmental pollutant treatment, due to their cost-effective and specific textural properties. This study exhibited a two-step strategy to compose lignin-porous biochar conta...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2020.00274/full |
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| author | Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Yun-guo Liu Yun-guo Liu Hassan Bashir Peng Zhang Peng Zhang Shao-bo Liu Shao-bo Liu Xiaofei Tan Xiaofei Tan Ming-yang Dai Ming-yang Dai Mei-fang Li Mei-fang Li |
| author_facet | Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Yun-guo Liu Yun-guo Liu Hassan Bashir Peng Zhang Peng Zhang Shao-bo Liu Shao-bo Liu Xiaofei Tan Xiaofei Tan Ming-yang Dai Ming-yang Dai Mei-fang Li Mei-fang Li |
| author_sort | Nguyen Thi Minh Tam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Porous biochar containing graphitic carbon materials have received great attention from various disciplines, especially for environmental pollutant treatment, due to their cost-effective and specific textural properties. This study exhibited a two-step strategy to compose lignin-porous biochar containing graphitic carbon (LPGC) from pitch pine sawdust and investigated its adsorptive removal for diclofenac sodium (DCF) from an aqueous solution. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was utilized to obtain lignin content from biomass and potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) and was adopted to fulfill the synchronous carbonization and graphitization of LPGC. Through slow pyrolysis in atmospheric N2 (900°C – 2 h), the structure of the as-prepared sample was successfully modified. Using SEM images, a stripped layer structure was observed on the H2SO4-treated sample for both one-step and two-step activated samples, indicating the pronounced effect of H2SO4 in the layering of materials. K2FeO4 acted as an activator and catalyst to convert biomass into the porous graphitic structure. The BET surface area, XRD and Raman spectra analyses demonstrated that LPGC possessed a micro/mesoporous structure with a relatively large surface area (457.4 m2 g−1) as well as the presence of a graphitic structure. Further adsorption experiments revealed that LPGC exhibited a high DCF adsorption capacity (qmax = 159.7 mg g−1 at 298 K, pH = 6.5). The effects of ambient conditions such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, ionic strength, electrolyte background on the uptake of DCF were investigated by a batch adsorption experiment. Results indicated that the experimental data were best fitted with the pseudo second—order model and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption of DCF onto the LPGC process was spontaneous and endothermic. Electrostatic interaction, H-bonding interaction, and π-π interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms. The porous biochar containing graphitic carbon obtained from the lignin content of pitch pine sawdust may be a potential material for eliminating organic pollutants from water bodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:27:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53cbf9720c0849f68559faab8b3c4cd2 |
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| issn | 2296-2646 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:27:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-53cbf9720c0849f68559faab8b3c4cd22022-12-21T20:37:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462020-04-01810.3389/fchem.2020.00274523241Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous SolutionNguyen Thi Minh Tam0Nguyen Thi Minh Tam1Yun-guo Liu2Yun-guo Liu3Hassan Bashir4Peng Zhang5Peng Zhang6Shao-bo Liu7Shao-bo Liu8Xiaofei Tan9Xiaofei Tan10Ming-yang Dai11Ming-yang Dai12Mei-fang Li13Mei-fang Li14College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaKey Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Changsha, ChinaPorous biochar containing graphitic carbon materials have received great attention from various disciplines, especially for environmental pollutant treatment, due to their cost-effective and specific textural properties. This study exhibited a two-step strategy to compose lignin-porous biochar containing graphitic carbon (LPGC) from pitch pine sawdust and investigated its adsorptive removal for diclofenac sodium (DCF) from an aqueous solution. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was utilized to obtain lignin content from biomass and potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) and was adopted to fulfill the synchronous carbonization and graphitization of LPGC. Through slow pyrolysis in atmospheric N2 (900°C – 2 h), the structure of the as-prepared sample was successfully modified. Using SEM images, a stripped layer structure was observed on the H2SO4-treated sample for both one-step and two-step activated samples, indicating the pronounced effect of H2SO4 in the layering of materials. K2FeO4 acted as an activator and catalyst to convert biomass into the porous graphitic structure. The BET surface area, XRD and Raman spectra analyses demonstrated that LPGC possessed a micro/mesoporous structure with a relatively large surface area (457.4 m2 g−1) as well as the presence of a graphitic structure. Further adsorption experiments revealed that LPGC exhibited a high DCF adsorption capacity (qmax = 159.7 mg g−1 at 298 K, pH = 6.5). The effects of ambient conditions such as contact time, solution pH, temperature, ionic strength, electrolyte background on the uptake of DCF were investigated by a batch adsorption experiment. Results indicated that the experimental data were best fitted with the pseudo second—order model and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the adsorption of DCF onto the LPGC process was spontaneous and endothermic. Electrostatic interaction, H-bonding interaction, and π-π interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms. The porous biochar containing graphitic carbon obtained from the lignin content of pitch pine sawdust may be a potential material for eliminating organic pollutants from water bodies.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2020.00274/fullgraphitic carbonporous biochardiclofenac sodiumpotassium ferratelignin contentadsorption |
| spellingShingle | Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Nguyen Thi Minh Tam Yun-guo Liu Yun-guo Liu Hassan Bashir Peng Zhang Peng Zhang Shao-bo Liu Shao-bo Liu Xiaofei Tan Xiaofei Tan Ming-yang Dai Ming-yang Dai Mei-fang Li Mei-fang Li Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution Frontiers in Chemistry graphitic carbon porous biochar diclofenac sodium potassium ferrate lignin content adsorption |
| title | Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution |
| title_full | Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution |
| title_short | Synthesis of Porous Biochar Containing Graphitic Carbon Derived From Lignin Content of Forestry Biomass and Its Application for the Removal of Diclofenac Sodium From Aqueous Solution |
| title_sort | synthesis of porous biochar containing graphitic carbon derived from lignin content of forestry biomass and its application for the removal of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution |
| topic | graphitic carbon porous biochar diclofenac sodium potassium ferrate lignin content adsorption |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2020.00274/full |
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