Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts
Abstract Smart water injection is one of the engineering techniques to enhance oil recovery (EOR) from carbonate and sandstone reservoirs that have been widely used in recent decades. Wettability alteration and IFT are among the essential and influential mechanisms that can be mentioned to achieve E...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38428-8 |
| _version_ | 1797778899997818880 |
|---|---|
| author | Hamid Garmsiri Shahriar Jahani Yousef Kazemzadeh Mohammad Sharifi Masoud Riazi Reza Azin |
| author_facet | Hamid Garmsiri Shahriar Jahani Yousef Kazemzadeh Mohammad Sharifi Masoud Riazi Reza Azin |
| author_sort | Hamid Garmsiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Smart water injection is one of the engineering techniques to enhance oil recovery (EOR) from carbonate and sandstone reservoirs that have been widely used in recent decades. Wettability alteration and IFT are among the essential and influential mechanisms that can be mentioned to achieve EOR. One of the critical issues in the field of EOR is the effect of reservoir ions on the formation and stability of the emulsion. Investigating the role and performance of these ions during EOR processes is of significant importance. These processes are based on smart water injection and natural production. In this research, stability was investigated and formed during the injection of different concentrations of anionic and cationic surfactants, respectively alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), into a water–oil emulsion with a volume ratio of 30–70. Considering the droplet diameter distribution and the flow speed of separation by centrifugation, the optimal concentration level has been investigated in both surfactants. Based on the results, the highest stability and emulsion formation occurred in the presence of AOS surfactant. Then different concentrations of CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl salts were added in optimal concentrations of both surfactants. The formation and stability of the emulsion was checked by examining the distribution of the droplet diameter and the separation flow rate. AOS anionic surfactant had the most stability in the presence of MgCl2 salt, and better performance in stability of the emulsion was obtained. The maximum number of droplet diameters in the optimal concentration for AOS and CTAB surfactant systems is 1010 and 880, respectively, and for binary systems of AOS surfactant and MgCl2, CaCl2 and NaCl salts, it is 2200, 1120 and 1110, respectively. Furthermore, for the CTAB binary system in the presence of MgCl2, CaCl2, and NaCl salts, it is 1200, 1110, and 1100, respectively. The stability of the emulsion of salts in the presence of both AOS and CTAB surfactants was MgCl2 > CaCl2 > NaCl. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:24:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53cd70dcad3944f3a6bc5d7a678e95e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:24:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-53cd70dcad3944f3a6bc5d7a678e95e72023-07-16T11:14:44ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-07-0113111510.1038/s41598-023-38428-8Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various saltsHamid Garmsiri0Shahriar Jahani1Yousef Kazemzadeh2Mohammad Sharifi3Masoud Riazi4Reza Azin5Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran PolytechnicDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz UniversityDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf UniversityAbstract Smart water injection is one of the engineering techniques to enhance oil recovery (EOR) from carbonate and sandstone reservoirs that have been widely used in recent decades. Wettability alteration and IFT are among the essential and influential mechanisms that can be mentioned to achieve EOR. One of the critical issues in the field of EOR is the effect of reservoir ions on the formation and stability of the emulsion. Investigating the role and performance of these ions during EOR processes is of significant importance. These processes are based on smart water injection and natural production. In this research, stability was investigated and formed during the injection of different concentrations of anionic and cationic surfactants, respectively alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) and cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), into a water–oil emulsion with a volume ratio of 30–70. Considering the droplet diameter distribution and the flow speed of separation by centrifugation, the optimal concentration level has been investigated in both surfactants. Based on the results, the highest stability and emulsion formation occurred in the presence of AOS surfactant. Then different concentrations of CaCl2, MgCl2, and NaCl salts were added in optimal concentrations of both surfactants. The formation and stability of the emulsion was checked by examining the distribution of the droplet diameter and the separation flow rate. AOS anionic surfactant had the most stability in the presence of MgCl2 salt, and better performance in stability of the emulsion was obtained. The maximum number of droplet diameters in the optimal concentration for AOS and CTAB surfactant systems is 1010 and 880, respectively, and for binary systems of AOS surfactant and MgCl2, CaCl2 and NaCl salts, it is 2200, 1120 and 1110, respectively. Furthermore, for the CTAB binary system in the presence of MgCl2, CaCl2, and NaCl salts, it is 1200, 1110, and 1100, respectively. The stability of the emulsion of salts in the presence of both AOS and CTAB surfactants was MgCl2 > CaCl2 > NaCl.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38428-8 |
| spellingShingle | Hamid Garmsiri Shahriar Jahani Yousef Kazemzadeh Mohammad Sharifi Masoud Riazi Reza Azin Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts Scientific Reports |
| title | Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts |
| title_full | Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts |
| title_fullStr | Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts |
| title_short | Stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts |
| title_sort | stability of the emulsion during the injection of anionic and cationic surfactants in the presence of various salts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38428-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hamidgarmsiri stabilityoftheemulsionduringtheinjectionofanionicandcationicsurfactantsinthepresenceofvarioussalts AT shahriarjahani stabilityoftheemulsionduringtheinjectionofanionicandcationicsurfactantsinthepresenceofvarioussalts AT yousefkazemzadeh stabilityoftheemulsionduringtheinjectionofanionicandcationicsurfactantsinthepresenceofvarioussalts AT mohammadsharifi stabilityoftheemulsionduringtheinjectionofanionicandcationicsurfactantsinthepresenceofvarioussalts AT masoudriazi stabilityoftheemulsionduringtheinjectionofanionicandcationicsurfactantsinthepresenceofvarioussalts AT rezaazin stabilityoftheemulsionduringtheinjectionofanionicandcationicsurfactantsinthepresenceofvarioussalts |