Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors
The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases every year; however, the impact of microelements on its underlying cause—atherosclerosis—is still unclear. Copper plays numerous regulatory roles in cardiovascular health and was suggested to influence the classic risk factors for CAD. The co...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/4107 |
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| author | Ewelina A. Dziedzic Agnieszka Tuzimek Jakub S. Gąsior Justyna Paleczny Adam Junka Mirosław Kwaśny Marek Dąbrowski Piotr Jankowski |
| author_facet | Ewelina A. Dziedzic Agnieszka Tuzimek Jakub S. Gąsior Justyna Paleczny Adam Junka Mirosław Kwaśny Marek Dąbrowski Piotr Jankowski |
| author_sort | Ewelina A. Dziedzic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases every year; however, the impact of microelements on its underlying cause—atherosclerosis—is still unclear. Copper plays numerous regulatory roles in cardiovascular health and was suggested to influence the classic risk factors for CAD. The copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) reflects systemic oxidative stress–one of the factors in the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Hair incorporates metal ions during its growth; thus, it reflects the metal exposure that occurred over the last 4–8 weeks. The aim of the presented study was to verify the association between Cu and Cu/Zn-ratio content and the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the hair of 133 patients who underwent coronary angiography due to suspected ACS. Additionally, association between Cu and Cu/Zn-ratio and selected risk factors for CAD was analyzed. Neither Cu nor Cu/Zn-ratio levels were associated with the occurrence of ACS, regardless of its type (UA/NSTEMI/STEMI). We did not find a significant association between Cu content in hair and risk factors for CAD. The Cu/Zn-ratio in hair was significantly correlated only with body mass index. The relationship of Cu content and Cu/Zn-ratio in hair with CAD, its risk factors and ACS appears to be complex and requires further well-designed research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53e29e472df842b48c8751aeba323aec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:18:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-53e29e472df842b48c8751aeba323aec2023-11-23T21:25:44ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-10-011419410710.3390/nu14194107Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk FactorsEwelina A. Dziedzic0Agnieszka Tuzimek1Jakub S. Gąsior2Justyna Paleczny3Adam Junka4Mirosław Kwaśny5Marek Dąbrowski6Piotr Jankowski7Medical Faculty, Lazarski University in Warsaw, 02-662 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandInstitute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Cardiology, Bielanski Hospital, 01-809 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, PolandThe prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) increases every year; however, the impact of microelements on its underlying cause—atherosclerosis—is still unclear. Copper plays numerous regulatory roles in cardiovascular health and was suggested to influence the classic risk factors for CAD. The copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) reflects systemic oxidative stress–one of the factors in the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Hair incorporates metal ions during its growth; thus, it reflects the metal exposure that occurred over the last 4–8 weeks. The aim of the presented study was to verify the association between Cu and Cu/Zn-ratio content and the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the hair of 133 patients who underwent coronary angiography due to suspected ACS. Additionally, association between Cu and Cu/Zn-ratio and selected risk factors for CAD was analyzed. Neither Cu nor Cu/Zn-ratio levels were associated with the occurrence of ACS, regardless of its type (UA/NSTEMI/STEMI). We did not find a significant association between Cu content in hair and risk factors for CAD. The Cu/Zn-ratio in hair was significantly correlated only with body mass index. The relationship of Cu content and Cu/Zn-ratio in hair with CAD, its risk factors and ACS appears to be complex and requires further well-designed research.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/4107copper (Cu)copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio)coronary artery disease (CAD)acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
| spellingShingle | Ewelina A. Dziedzic Agnieszka Tuzimek Jakub S. Gąsior Justyna Paleczny Adam Junka Mirosław Kwaśny Marek Dąbrowski Piotr Jankowski Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors Nutrients copper (Cu) copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) coronary artery disease (CAD) acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
| title | Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors |
| title_full | Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors |
| title_fullStr | Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors |
| title_short | Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors |
| title_sort | investigation on the association of copper and copper to zinc ratio in hair with acute coronary syndrome occurrence and its risk factors |
| topic | copper (Cu) copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) coronary artery disease (CAD) acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/4107 |
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