Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases
The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disease in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region; approximately 1.15 billion people are at risk, and thousands suffer from permanent neurological disorders across Asian countries, with 10–15 thousand people d...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2686 |
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| author | Pardeep Yadav Pratik Chakraborty Niraj Kumar Jha Saikat Dewanjee Abhimanyu Kumar Jha Siva Prasad Panda Prabhu Chandra Mishra Abhijit Dey Saurabh Kumar Jha |
| author_facet | Pardeep Yadav Pratik Chakraborty Niraj Kumar Jha Saikat Dewanjee Abhimanyu Kumar Jha Siva Prasad Panda Prabhu Chandra Mishra Abhijit Dey Saurabh Kumar Jha |
| author_sort | Pardeep Yadav |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disease in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region; approximately 1.15 billion people are at risk, and thousands suffer from permanent neurological disorders across Asian countries, with 10–15 thousand people dying each year. JEV crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and forms a complex with receptors on the surface of neurons. GRP78, Src, TLR7, caveolin-1, and dopamine receptor D2 are involved in JEV binding and entry into the neurons, and these receptors also play a role in carcinogenic activity in cells. JEV binds to GRP78, a member of the HSP70 overexpressed on malignant cells to enter neurons, indicating a higher chance of JEV infection in cancer patients. However, JEV enters human brain microvascular endothelial cells via an endocytic pathway mediated by caveolae and the ezrin protein and also targets dopamine-rich areas for infection of the midbrain via altering dopamine levels. In addition, JEV complexed with CLEC5A receptor of macrophage cells is involved in the breakdown of the BBB and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. CLEC5A-mediated infection is also responsible for the influx of cytokines into the CNS. In this review, we discuss the neuronal and macrophage surface receptors involved in neuronal death. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53e84fc937a8476da0c0fe17ce6d45dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:44:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-53e84fc937a8476da0c0fe17ce6d45dd2023-11-24T18:37:50ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-11-011412268610.3390/v14122686Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated DiseasesPardeep Yadav0Pratik Chakraborty1Niraj Kumar Jha2Saikat Dewanjee3Abhimanyu Kumar Jha4Siva Prasad Panda5Prabhu Chandra Mishra6Abhijit Dey7Saurabh Kumar Jha8Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Room # 311, Block-01, Plot No. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, IndiaAdvanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Room # 311, Block-01, Plot No. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, IndiaAdvanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Room # 311, Block-01, Plot No. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, IndiaPharmacology Research Division, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Room # 311, Block-01, Plot No. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, IndiaDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Room # 311, Block-01, Plot No. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, IndiaThe Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disease in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region; approximately 1.15 billion people are at risk, and thousands suffer from permanent neurological disorders across Asian countries, with 10–15 thousand people dying each year. JEV crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and forms a complex with receptors on the surface of neurons. GRP78, Src, TLR7, caveolin-1, and dopamine receptor D2 are involved in JEV binding and entry into the neurons, and these receptors also play a role in carcinogenic activity in cells. JEV binds to GRP78, a member of the HSP70 overexpressed on malignant cells to enter neurons, indicating a higher chance of JEV infection in cancer patients. However, JEV enters human brain microvascular endothelial cells via an endocytic pathway mediated by caveolae and the ezrin protein and also targets dopamine-rich areas for infection of the midbrain via altering dopamine levels. In addition, JEV complexed with CLEC5A receptor of macrophage cells is involved in the breakdown of the BBB and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. CLEC5A-mediated infection is also responsible for the influx of cytokines into the CNS. In this review, we discuss the neuronal and macrophage surface receptors involved in neuronal death.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2686autoimmune encephalitisBBB permeabilityCNSJapanese encephalitis virusneurodegenerationproinflammatory mediators |
| spellingShingle | Pardeep Yadav Pratik Chakraborty Niraj Kumar Jha Saikat Dewanjee Abhimanyu Kumar Jha Siva Prasad Panda Prabhu Chandra Mishra Abhijit Dey Saurabh Kumar Jha Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases Viruses autoimmune encephalitis BBB permeability CNS Japanese encephalitis virus neurodegeneration proinflammatory mediators |
| title | Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanism and Role of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Central Nervous System-Mediated Diseases |
| title_sort | molecular mechanism and role of japanese encephalitis virus infection in central nervous system mediated diseases |
| topic | autoimmune encephalitis BBB permeability CNS Japanese encephalitis virus neurodegeneration proinflammatory mediators |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/12/2686 |
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