Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) and Ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), naturally derived compounds, have remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, thus making them suitable candidates for the treatment of skin disorders. Despite this, their inadequate physicochemical properties strongly compromise their top...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1039 |
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| author | Maria Chiara Cristiano Nicola d’Avanzo Antonia Mancuso Martine Tarsitano Antonella Barone Daniele Torella Donatella Paolino Massimo Fresta |
| author_facet | Maria Chiara Cristiano Nicola d’Avanzo Antonia Mancuso Martine Tarsitano Antonella Barone Daniele Torella Donatella Paolino Massimo Fresta |
| author_sort | Maria Chiara Cristiano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bergamot essential oil (BEO) and Ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), naturally derived compounds, have remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, thus making them suitable candidates for the treatment of skin disorders. Despite this, their inadequate physicochemical properties strongly compromise their topical application. Ultradeformable nanocarriers containing both BEO and AG were used to allow their passage through the skin, thus maximizing their therapeutic activity. Physicochemical characterization studies were performed using Zetasizer Nano ZS and Turbiscan Lab<sup>®</sup>. The dialysis method was used to investigate the release profile of the active compounds. In vivo studies were performed on human healthy volunteers through the X-Rite spectrophotometer. The nanosystems showed suitable features for topical cutaneous administration in terms of mean size, surface charge, size distribution, and long-term stability/storability. The co-delivery of BEO and AG in the deformable systems improved both the release profile kinetic of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and deformability properties of the resulting nanosystems. The topical cutaneous administration on human volunteers confirmed the efficacy of the nanosystems. In detail, BEO and AG-co-loaded ultradeformable vesicles showed a superior activity compared to that recorded from the ones containing AG as a single agent. These results are promising and strongly encourage a potential topical application of AG/BEO co-loaded nanocarriers for anti-inflammatory therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:17:25Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:17:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-53eaa4b5f5aa4a2c9b4c25f4a0fb95c12023-11-23T10:10:09ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-04-01105103910.3390/biomedicines10051039Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical TherapiesMaria Chiara Cristiano0Nicola d’Avanzo1Antonia Mancuso2Martine Tarsitano3Antonella Barone4Daniele Torella5Donatella Paolino6Massimo Fresta7Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini n.31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyDepartment of Health Science, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyBergamot essential oil (BEO) and Ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), naturally derived compounds, have remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, thus making them suitable candidates for the treatment of skin disorders. Despite this, their inadequate physicochemical properties strongly compromise their topical application. Ultradeformable nanocarriers containing both BEO and AG were used to allow their passage through the skin, thus maximizing their therapeutic activity. Physicochemical characterization studies were performed using Zetasizer Nano ZS and Turbiscan Lab<sup>®</sup>. The dialysis method was used to investigate the release profile of the active compounds. In vivo studies were performed on human healthy volunteers through the X-Rite spectrophotometer. The nanosystems showed suitable features for topical cutaneous administration in terms of mean size, surface charge, size distribution, and long-term stability/storability. The co-delivery of BEO and AG in the deformable systems improved both the release profile kinetic of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and deformability properties of the resulting nanosystems. The topical cutaneous administration on human volunteers confirmed the efficacy of the nanosystems. In detail, BEO and AG-co-loaded ultradeformable vesicles showed a superior activity compared to that recorded from the ones containing AG as a single agent. These results are promising and strongly encourage a potential topical application of AG/BEO co-loaded nanocarriers for anti-inflammatory therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1039ammonium glycyrrhizinatebergamot essential oilultradeformable nanocarriersmulti-drug carriersin vivo anti-inflammatory activity |
| spellingShingle | Maria Chiara Cristiano Nicola d’Avanzo Antonia Mancuso Martine Tarsitano Antonella Barone Daniele Torella Donatella Paolino Massimo Fresta Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies Biomedicines ammonium glycyrrhizinate bergamot essential oil ultradeformable nanocarriers multi-drug carriers in vivo anti-inflammatory activity |
| title | Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies |
| title_full | Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies |
| title_fullStr | Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies |
| title_short | Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate and Bergamot Essential Oil Co-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanocarriers: An Effective Natural Nanomedicine for In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Topical Therapies |
| title_sort | ammonium glycyrrhizinate and bergamot essential oil co loaded ultradeformable nanocarriers an effective natural nanomedicine for in vivo anti inflammatory topical therapies |
| topic | ammonium glycyrrhizinate bergamot essential oil ultradeformable nanocarriers multi-drug carriers in vivo anti-inflammatory activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1039 |
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