A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia
Abstract Background There are two parallel systems in Malaysian primary healthcare services: government funded public primary care and privately-owned practices. While there have been several studies evaluating antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian public healthcare, there is a lack of literature on t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17579-3 |
| _version_ | 1827388051106562048 |
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| author | Audrey Huili Lim Norazida Ab Rahman Siti Nur Su’aidah Nasarudin Tineshwaran Velvanathan Mary Chok Chiew Fong Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya Sheamini Sivasampu |
| author_facet | Audrey Huili Lim Norazida Ab Rahman Siti Nur Su’aidah Nasarudin Tineshwaran Velvanathan Mary Chok Chiew Fong Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya Sheamini Sivasampu |
| author_sort | Audrey Huili Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There are two parallel systems in Malaysian primary healthcare services: government funded public primary care and privately-owned practices. While there have been several studies evaluating antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian public healthcare, there is a lack of literature on the use of antibiotics in the private sector. There is a dire need to evaluate the more recent performance of public vs. private community healthcare in Malaysia. As such, this study aimed at measuring and comparing the utilisation of antibiotics in the public and private community healthcare sectors of Malaysia in 2018–2021. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian primary care for the period of 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2021 using the nationwide pharmaceutical procurement and sales data from public and private health sectors. Rates of antibiotic utilisation were reported as Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and stratified by antibiotic classes. The secondary analysis included proportions of AWaRe antibiotic category use for each sector and proportion of antibiotic utilisation for both sectors. Results The overall national antibiotic utilisation for 2018 was 6.14 DID, increasing slightly to 6.56 DID in 2019, before decreasing to 4.54 DID in 2020 and 4.17 DID in 2021. Private primary care antibiotic utilisation was almost ten times higher than in public primary care in 2021. The public sector had fewer (four) antibiotic molecules constituting 90% of the total antibiotic utilisation as compared to the private sector (eight). Use of Access antibiotics in the public sector was consistently above 90%, while use of Access category antibiotics by the private sector ranged from 64.2 to 68.3%. Although use of Watch antibiotics in the private sector decreased over the years, the use of Reserve and ‘Not Recommended’ antibiotics increased slightly over the years. Conclusion Antibiotic consumption in the private community healthcare sector in Malaysia is much higher than in the public sector. These findings highlight the need for more rigorous interventions targeting both private prescribers and the public with improvement strategies focusing on reducing inappropriate and unnecessary prescribing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:12:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53ee5dc2432d4bec9f65c4abe9762bcf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:12:14Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-53ee5dc2432d4bec9f65c4abe9762bcf2024-01-07T12:52:33ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-01-012411810.1186/s12889-023-17579-3A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in MalaysiaAudrey Huili Lim0Norazida Ab Rahman1Siti Nur Su’aidah Nasarudin2Tineshwaran Velvanathan3Mary Chok Chiew Fong4Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya5Sheamini Sivasampu6Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of HealthInstitute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of HealthPharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of HealthPharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of HealthPharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of HealthPharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of HealthInstitute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of HealthAbstract Background There are two parallel systems in Malaysian primary healthcare services: government funded public primary care and privately-owned practices. While there have been several studies evaluating antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian public healthcare, there is a lack of literature on the use of antibiotics in the private sector. There is a dire need to evaluate the more recent performance of public vs. private community healthcare in Malaysia. As such, this study aimed at measuring and comparing the utilisation of antibiotics in the public and private community healthcare sectors of Malaysia in 2018–2021. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian primary care for the period of 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2021 using the nationwide pharmaceutical procurement and sales data from public and private health sectors. Rates of antibiotic utilisation were reported as Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and stratified by antibiotic classes. The secondary analysis included proportions of AWaRe antibiotic category use for each sector and proportion of antibiotic utilisation for both sectors. Results The overall national antibiotic utilisation for 2018 was 6.14 DID, increasing slightly to 6.56 DID in 2019, before decreasing to 4.54 DID in 2020 and 4.17 DID in 2021. Private primary care antibiotic utilisation was almost ten times higher than in public primary care in 2021. The public sector had fewer (four) antibiotic molecules constituting 90% of the total antibiotic utilisation as compared to the private sector (eight). Use of Access antibiotics in the public sector was consistently above 90%, while use of Access category antibiotics by the private sector ranged from 64.2 to 68.3%. Although use of Watch antibiotics in the private sector decreased over the years, the use of Reserve and ‘Not Recommended’ antibiotics increased slightly over the years. Conclusion Antibiotic consumption in the private community healthcare sector in Malaysia is much higher than in the public sector. These findings highlight the need for more rigorous interventions targeting both private prescribers and the public with improvement strategies focusing on reducing inappropriate and unnecessary prescribing.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17579-3Antibiotic utilisationPrimary careCommunity healthDefined daily doseDU90AWaRe |
| spellingShingle | Audrey Huili Lim Norazida Ab Rahman Siti Nur Su’aidah Nasarudin Tineshwaran Velvanathan Mary Chok Chiew Fong Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya Sheamini Sivasampu A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia BMC Public Health Antibiotic utilisation Primary care Community health Defined daily dose DU90 AWaRe |
| title | A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia |
| title_full | A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia |
| title_short | A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia |
| title_sort | comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in malaysia |
| topic | Antibiotic utilisation Primary care Community health Defined daily dose DU90 AWaRe |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17579-3 |
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