Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease
Glial cells are crucial for the maintenance of correct neuronal functionality in a physiological state and intervene to restore the equilibrium when environmental or pathological conditions challenge central nervous system homeostasis. The communication between glial cells and neurons is essential a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.623771/full |
| _version_ | 1818561947090550784 |
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| author | Cristiana Pistono Nea Bister Iveta Stanová Tarja Malm |
| author_facet | Cristiana Pistono Nea Bister Iveta Stanová Tarja Malm |
| author_sort | Cristiana Pistono |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glial cells are crucial for the maintenance of correct neuronal functionality in a physiological state and intervene to restore the equilibrium when environmental or pathological conditions challenge central nervous system homeostasis. The communication between glial cells and neurons is essential and extracellular vesicles (EVs) take part in this function by transporting a plethora of molecules with the capacity to influence the function of the recipient cells. EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are a heterogeneous group of biogenetically distinct double membrane-enclosed vesicles. Once released from the cell, these two types of vesicles are difficult to discern, thus we will call them with the general term of EVs. This review is focused on the EVs secreted by astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, aiming to shed light on their influence on neurons and on the overall homeostasis of the central nervous system functions. We collect evidence on neuroprotective and homeostatic effects of glial EVs, including neuronal plasticity. On the other hand, current knowledge of the detrimental effects of the EVs in pathological conditions is addressed. Finally, we propose directions for future studies and we evaluate the potential of EVs as a therapeutic treatment for neurological disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:57:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53f03f6553c247c6997c821940eecb5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:57:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-53f03f6553c247c6997c821940eecb5c2022-12-21T23:23:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-01-01810.3389/fcell.2020.623771623771Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and DiseaseCristiana PistonoNea BisterIveta StanováTarja MalmGlial cells are crucial for the maintenance of correct neuronal functionality in a physiological state and intervene to restore the equilibrium when environmental or pathological conditions challenge central nervous system homeostasis. The communication between glial cells and neurons is essential and extracellular vesicles (EVs) take part in this function by transporting a plethora of molecules with the capacity to influence the function of the recipient cells. EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles, are a heterogeneous group of biogenetically distinct double membrane-enclosed vesicles. Once released from the cell, these two types of vesicles are difficult to discern, thus we will call them with the general term of EVs. This review is focused on the EVs secreted by astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia, aiming to shed light on their influence on neurons and on the overall homeostasis of the central nervous system functions. We collect evidence on neuroprotective and homeostatic effects of glial EVs, including neuronal plasticity. On the other hand, current knowledge of the detrimental effects of the EVs in pathological conditions is addressed. Finally, we propose directions for future studies and we evaluate the potential of EVs as a therapeutic treatment for neurological disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.623771/fullextracellular vesiclegliacentral nervous systemastrocyteoligodendrocytesmicroglia |
| spellingShingle | Cristiana Pistono Nea Bister Iveta Stanová Tarja Malm Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology extracellular vesicle glia central nervous system astrocyte oligodendrocytes microglia |
| title | Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease |
| title_full | Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease |
| title_fullStr | Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease |
| title_short | Glia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Role in Central Nervous System Communication in Health and Disease |
| title_sort | glia derived extracellular vesicles role in central nervous system communication in health and disease |
| topic | extracellular vesicle glia central nervous system astrocyte oligodendrocytes microglia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2020.623771/full |
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