Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin
The Chinese tiger frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) is extensively farmed in southern China. Due to cramped living conditions, skin diseases are prevalent among unhealthy tiger frogs which thereby affects their welfare. In this study, the differences in microbiota present on healthy...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| author | Hua-Li Hu Jia-Meng Chen Jing-Yi Chen Rachel Wan Xin Seah Guo-Hua Ding |
| author_facet | Hua-Li Hu Jia-Meng Chen Jing-Yi Chen Rachel Wan Xin Seah Guo-Hua Ding |
| author_sort | Hua-Li Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Chinese tiger frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) is extensively farmed in southern China. Due to cramped living conditions, skin diseases are prevalent among unhealthy tiger frogs which thereby affects their welfare. In this study, the differences in microbiota present on healthy versus ulcerated <i>H. rugulosus</i> skin were examined using 16S rRNA sequences. Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum on <i>H. rugulosus</i> skin, but their abundance was greater on the healthy skin than on the ulcerated skin. Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae were the most dominant families on the healthy skin, whereas Moraxellaceae was the most dominant family on the ulcerated skin. The abundance of these three families was different between the groups. <i>Acidovorax</i> was the most dominant genus on the healthy skin, whereas <i>Acinetobacter</i> was the most dominant genus on the ulcerated skin, and its abundance was greater on the ulcerated skin than on the healthy skin. Moreover, the genes related to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of levels 2–3, especially those genes that are involved in cell motility, flagellar assembly, and bacterial chemotaxis in the skin microbiota, were found to be greater on the healthy skin than on the ulcerated skin, indicating that the function of skin microbiota was affected by ulceration. Overall, the composition, abundance, and function of skin microbial communities differed between the healthy and ulcerated <i>H. rugulosus</i> skin. Our results may assist in developing measures to combat diseases in <i>H. rugulosus</i>. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:29:11Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-53f69337d05043a6abc4c1bdfdf579672023-11-23T09:45:59ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-05-011210124110.3390/ani12101241Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated SkinHua-Li Hu0Jia-Meng Chen1Jing-Yi Chen2Rachel Wan Xin Seah3Guo-Hua Ding4Laboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaLaboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaLaboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaDepartment of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, SingaporeLaboratory of Amphibian Diversity Investigation, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, ChinaThe Chinese tiger frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) is extensively farmed in southern China. Due to cramped living conditions, skin diseases are prevalent among unhealthy tiger frogs which thereby affects their welfare. In this study, the differences in microbiota present on healthy versus ulcerated <i>H. rugulosus</i> skin were examined using 16S rRNA sequences. Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum on <i>H. rugulosus</i> skin, but their abundance was greater on the healthy skin than on the ulcerated skin. Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae were the most dominant families on the healthy skin, whereas Moraxellaceae was the most dominant family on the ulcerated skin. The abundance of these three families was different between the groups. <i>Acidovorax</i> was the most dominant genus on the healthy skin, whereas <i>Acinetobacter</i> was the most dominant genus on the ulcerated skin, and its abundance was greater on the ulcerated skin than on the healthy skin. Moreover, the genes related to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of levels 2–3, especially those genes that are involved in cell motility, flagellar assembly, and bacterial chemotaxis in the skin microbiota, were found to be greater on the healthy skin than on the ulcerated skin, indicating that the function of skin microbiota was affected by ulceration. Overall, the composition, abundance, and function of skin microbial communities differed between the healthy and ulcerated <i>H. rugulosus</i> skin. Our results may assist in developing measures to combat diseases in <i>H. rugulosus</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/10/1241<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>skin microbiotaskin ulcer16S rRNA |
| spellingShingle | Hua-Li Hu Jia-Meng Chen Jing-Yi Chen Rachel Wan Xin Seah Guo-Hua Ding Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin Animals <i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i> skin microbiota skin ulcer 16S rRNA |
| title | Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin |
| title_full | Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin |
| title_short | Microbial Diversity of the Chinese Tiger Frog (<i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i>) on Healthy versus Ulcerated Skin |
| title_sort | microbial diversity of the chinese tiger frog i hoplobatrachus rugulosus i on healthy versus ulcerated skin |
| topic | <i>Hoplobatrachus rugulosus</i> skin microbiota skin ulcer 16S rRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/10/1241 |
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