Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s
Persistent efforts on developing advanced and complex data algorithms to enable the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for data beyond 100-Gbit/s has been reviewed in this paper. This endeavor not only elevates the bit rate of the IEEE802.3 standards for data center applications but al...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2021-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9513602/ |
| _version_ | 1797818711426465792 |
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| author | Chih-Hsien Cheng Wei-Chi Lo Borching Su Chao-Hsin Wu Gong-Ru Lin |
| author_facet | Chih-Hsien Cheng Wei-Chi Lo Borching Su Chao-Hsin Wu Gong-Ru Lin |
| author_sort | Chih-Hsien Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Persistent efforts on developing advanced and complex data algorithms to enable the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for data beyond 100-Gbit/s has been reviewed in this paper. This endeavor not only elevates the bit rate of the IEEE802.3 standards for data center applications but also to initiate the unification of data format for wired and wireless network coverage. To date, the highest allowable data rates of the single-VCSEL-based optical link are 80 Gbit/s for the NRZ-OOK format under back-to-back (BtB) transmission 168 Gbit/s for the PAM-4 format over 150-m OM5 MMF, and the 224 Gbit/s for the QAM-OFDM format at BtB case. For the high-level complex data-format transmission with rigorous demand on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this work demonstrates the most up-to-date 32-ray quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (32-QAM GFDM) data algorithm with optimized amplitude and K value for encoding the multimode (MM) VCSEL. To achieve the higher spectral-usage efficiency based on the SNR spectrum for maximal transmission data rate, the bit-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) technique is implemented by rearranging each subcarrier to the appropriate QAM levels. By utilizing 32-QAM GFDM and bit-loading DMT, the maximal data rate in the BtB case could respectively achieve 119.5 Gbit/s and 130 Gbit/s when operating the MM VCSEL at 55 °C. The transmission capacity of the VCSEL operated at 55 °C would decrease to 93.8 Gbit/s for 32-QAM GFDM and 83 Gbit/s for bit-loading DMT after propagating through OM5 MMF with modal dispersion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:12:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-53f91d16ca4b41488c887f619019a29d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:12:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-53f91d16ca4b41488c887f619019a29d2023-05-26T23:00:19ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552021-01-0113511310.1109/JPHOT.2021.31046479513602Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/sChih-Hsien Cheng0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6482-869XWei-Chi Lo1Borching Su2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-2601Chao-Hsin Wu3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-773XGong-Ru Lin4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-1282Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanGraduate Institution of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan, Taipei, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanPersistent efforts on developing advanced and complex data algorithms to enable the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for data beyond 100-Gbit/s has been reviewed in this paper. This endeavor not only elevates the bit rate of the IEEE802.3 standards for data center applications but also to initiate the unification of data format for wired and wireless network coverage. To date, the highest allowable data rates of the single-VCSEL-based optical link are 80 Gbit/s for the NRZ-OOK format under back-to-back (BtB) transmission 168 Gbit/s for the PAM-4 format over 150-m OM5 MMF, and the 224 Gbit/s for the QAM-OFDM format at BtB case. For the high-level complex data-format transmission with rigorous demand on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this work demonstrates the most up-to-date 32-ray quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (32-QAM GFDM) data algorithm with optimized amplitude and K value for encoding the multimode (MM) VCSEL. To achieve the higher spectral-usage efficiency based on the SNR spectrum for maximal transmission data rate, the bit-loading discrete multi-tone (DMT) technique is implemented by rearranging each subcarrier to the appropriate QAM levels. By utilizing 32-QAM GFDM and bit-loading DMT, the maximal data rate in the BtB case could respectively achieve 119.5 Gbit/s and 130 Gbit/s when operating the MM VCSEL at 55 °C. The transmission capacity of the VCSEL operated at 55 °C would decrease to 93.8 Gbit/s for 32-QAM GFDM and 83 Gbit/s for bit-loading DMT after propagating through OM5 MMF with modal dispersion.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9513602/Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSELmultimode fiber (MMF)non-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK)4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4)quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM-OFDM)quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (QAM-GFDM) |
| spellingShingle | Chih-Hsien Cheng Wei-Chi Lo Borching Su Chao-Hsin Wu Gong-Ru Lin Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s IEEE Photonics Journal Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL multimode fiber (MMF) non-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (QAM-GFDM) |
| title | Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s |
| title_full | Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s |
| title_fullStr | Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s |
| title_full_unstemmed | Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s |
| title_short | Review of VCSELs for Complex Data-Format Transmission Beyond 100-Gbit/s |
| title_sort | review of vcsels for complex data format transmission beyond 100 gbit x002f s |
| topic | Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL multimode fiber (MMF) non-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) quadrature amplitude modulation generalized frequency division multiplexing (QAM-GFDM) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9513602/ |
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