Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application
Solid waste (SW) generated from extracting of essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is an abundant and renewable resource, but proper recycling is necessary to prevent negative environmental impacts from improper disposal. This study focused on converting SW from essential oil (EO...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223003349 |
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| author | Faiçal El Ouadrhiri Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh Kakul Husain Abderrazzak Adachi Anouar Hmamou Ismail Hassan Marwa Mostafa Moharam Amal Lahkimi |
| author_facet | Faiçal El Ouadrhiri Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh Kakul Husain Abderrazzak Adachi Anouar Hmamou Ismail Hassan Marwa Mostafa Moharam Amal Lahkimi |
| author_sort | Faiçal El Ouadrhiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Solid waste (SW) generated from extracting of essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is an abundant and renewable resource, but proper recycling is necessary to prevent negative environmental impacts from improper disposal. This study focused on converting SW from essential oil (EO) extraction industry by citric acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (c-HTC) coupled with chemical activation into a carbonaceous material to remove organic pollutants. For this purpose, an I-optimal design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to investigate the relationship between the severity factor (SF) of the c-HTC process and citric acid dose (HTCcat) on carbon retention rate (CRR) and hydrochar mass yield (MY). Under optimal conditions (5.32 and 2 g for SF and HTCcat, respectively), an optimized hydrochar (HCop) was characterized by a CRR and MY of 71.02% and 56.14%, respectively. HCop was chemically activated by KOH solution (AHCop) and characterized by a specific surface area of 989.81 m2.g−1, a pore volume of 0.583 cm3.g−1, a higher heating value (HHV) of 37.3 MJ/Kg, oxygenated surface functions such as –OH, –COOH, C-O and a methylene blue (MB) removal rate of 90.71%. In addition, modelling of the adsorption isotherms found that the Freundlich isotherm better describes the experimental data, and the second-order model regulates the adsorption kinetics well. Furthermore, The maximum adsorption capacity of AHCop was 588.24 mg.g−1, with a separation factor of 0.625 under the operating conditions (t = 6 h, T = 25 °C, m(AHCop) = 0.2 g, [MB]0 = 300 mg.L-1, and pH = 7), indicating its potential for effectively removing organic pollutants. Together, these results provide crucial information on using c-HTC to convert waste biomass into functional carbon materials to remove organic pollutants efficiently. Therefore, several studies must be conducted out to discover other application fields of this material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:29:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-541349ddaa624342b3d265056a7eb571 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:29:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-541349ddaa624342b3d265056a7eb5712023-06-15T04:54:46ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522023-08-01168104872Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye applicationFaiçal El Ouadrhiri0Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh1Kakul Husain2Abderrazzak Adachi3Anouar Hmamou4Ismail Hassan5Marwa Mostafa Moharam6Amal Lahkimi7Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco; Corresponding author.Chemistry Department, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawaser, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawaser, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaLaboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoLaboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoChemistry Department, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawaser, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaChemistry Department, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawaser, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia; Chemical and Electrochemical Processing Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan 11421, EgyptLaboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MoroccoSolid waste (SW) generated from extracting of essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) is an abundant and renewable resource, but proper recycling is necessary to prevent negative environmental impacts from improper disposal. This study focused on converting SW from essential oil (EO) extraction industry by citric acid-catalyzed hydrothermal carbonization (c-HTC) coupled with chemical activation into a carbonaceous material to remove organic pollutants. For this purpose, an I-optimal design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to investigate the relationship between the severity factor (SF) of the c-HTC process and citric acid dose (HTCcat) on carbon retention rate (CRR) and hydrochar mass yield (MY). Under optimal conditions (5.32 and 2 g for SF and HTCcat, respectively), an optimized hydrochar (HCop) was characterized by a CRR and MY of 71.02% and 56.14%, respectively. HCop was chemically activated by KOH solution (AHCop) and characterized by a specific surface area of 989.81 m2.g−1, a pore volume of 0.583 cm3.g−1, a higher heating value (HHV) of 37.3 MJ/Kg, oxygenated surface functions such as –OH, –COOH, C-O and a methylene blue (MB) removal rate of 90.71%. In addition, modelling of the adsorption isotherms found that the Freundlich isotherm better describes the experimental data, and the second-order model regulates the adsorption kinetics well. Furthermore, The maximum adsorption capacity of AHCop was 588.24 mg.g−1, with a separation factor of 0.625 under the operating conditions (t = 6 h, T = 25 °C, m(AHCop) = 0.2 g, [MB]0 = 300 mg.L-1, and pH = 7), indicating its potential for effectively removing organic pollutants. Together, these results provide crucial information on using c-HTC to convert waste biomass into functional carbon materials to remove organic pollutants efficiently. Therefore, several studies must be conducted out to discover other application fields of this material.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223003349Solid waste essential oil extraction industryCatalytic Hydrothermal carbonizationI-optimal DesignResponse surface methodologyDye Adsorption |
| spellingShingle | Faiçal El Ouadrhiri Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh Kakul Husain Abderrazzak Adachi Anouar Hmamou Ismail Hassan Marwa Mostafa Moharam Amal Lahkimi Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application Arabian Journal of Chemistry Solid waste essential oil extraction industry Catalytic Hydrothermal carbonization I-optimal Design Response surface methodology Dye Adsorption |
| title | Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application |
| title_full | Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application |
| title_fullStr | Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application |
| title_short | Acid assisted-hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry: Optimization using I-optimal experimental design and removal dye application |
| title_sort | acid assisted hydrothermal carbonization of solid waste from essential oils industry optimization using i optimal experimental design and removal dye application |
| topic | Solid waste essential oil extraction industry Catalytic Hydrothermal carbonization I-optimal Design Response surface methodology Dye Adsorption |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223003349 |
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