Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust
Pantoea agglomerans , a Gram-negative bacterium developing in a variety of plants as epiphyte or endophyte is particularly common in grain and grain dust, and has been identified by an interdisciplinary group from Lublin, eastern Poland, as a causative agent of work-related diseases associated with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Institute of Rural Health
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/aaem/Pantoea-agglomerans-a-mysterious-bacterium-of-evil-and-good-Part-II-Deleterious-effects-Dust-borne-endotoxins-and-allergens-focus-on-grain-dust-other-agricultural-dusts-and-wood-dust,72369,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1818066713452740608 |
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| author | Jacek Dutkiewicz Barbara Mackiewicz Marta Kinga Lemieszek Marcin Golec Czesława Skórska Anna Góra-Florek Janusz Milanowski |
| author_facet | Jacek Dutkiewicz Barbara Mackiewicz Marta Kinga Lemieszek Marcin Golec Czesława Skórska Anna Góra-Florek Janusz Milanowski |
| author_sort | Jacek Dutkiewicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pantoea agglomerans , a Gram-negative bacterium developing in a variety of plants as epiphyte or endophyte is particularly common in grain and grain dust, and has been identified by an interdisciplinary group from Lublin, eastern Poland, as a causative agent of work-related diseases associated with exposure to grain dust and other agricultural dusts. The concentration of [i]P. agglomerans[/i] in grain as well as in the settled grain and flour dust was found to be high, ranging from 10 4 –10 8 CFU/g, while in the air polluted with grain or flour dust it ranged from 10 3 –10 5 CFU/m 3 and formed 73.2–96% of the total airborne Gram-negative bacteria. The concentration of P. agglomerans was also relatively high in the air of the facilities processing herbs and other plant materials, while it was lower in animal farms and in wood processing facilities. Pantoea agglomerans produces a biologically-potent endotoxin (cell wall lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The significant part of this endotoxin occurs in dusts in the form of virus-sized globular nanoparticles measuring 10–50 nm that could be described as the ‘endotoxin super-macromolecules’. A highly significant relationship was found (R=0.804, P=0.000927) between the concentration of the viable P. agglomerans in the air of various agricultural and wood industry settings and the concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the air, as assessed by the Limulus test. Although this result may be interfered by the presence of endotoxin produced by other Gram-negative species, it unequivocally suggests the primary role of the P. agglomerans endotoxin as an adverse agent in the agricultural working environment, causing toxic pneumonitis (ODTS). Numerous experiments by the inhalation exposure of animals to various extracts of P. agglomerans strains isolated from grain dust, including endotoxin isolated with trichloroacetic acid (LPS-TCA), endotoxin nanoparticles isolated in sucrose gradient (VECN), and mixture of proteins and endotoxin obtained by extraction of bacterial mass in saline (CA-S), showed the ability of these extracts to evoke inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the lungs, to stimulate alveolar macrophages to produce superoxide anion (O 2 - ), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and chemotactic factors for other macrophages and neutrophils, and to increase the pulmonary concentrations of toll-like receptors and chemokines. The most potent properties showed the CA-S which may be attributed to the allergenic properties of P. agglomerans proteins enhanced by the presence of the autologous endotoxin. The results of these experiments are in accord with the clinical studies which revealed a high reactivity of the agricultural and grain industry workers to allergenic extracts of P. agglomerans , and the presence in these populations of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and asthma cases caused by this bacterium. P. agglomerans has been also identified as a potential causative agent of allergic dermatitis in farmers and of allergic pulmonary disorders in cattle. In conclusion, similar to the cotton industry, also in the grain industry and in agriculture, Pantoea agglomerans should be regarded as one of the major causative agents of work-related diseases, caused by the adverse effects of protein allergens and endotoxin produced by this bacterium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:12:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-541608853d8b4ab98b0d5b75f164f004 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1232-1966 1898-2263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T15:12:10Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Institute of Rural Health |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-541608853d8b4ab98b0d5b75f164f0042022-12-22T01:43:53ZengInstitute of Rural HealthAnnals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine1232-19661898-22632015-12-0123162910.5604/12321966.119684872369Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dustJacek Dutkiewicz0Barbara Mackiewicz1Marta Kinga Lemieszek2Marcin Golec3Czesława Skórska4Anna Góra-Florek5Janusz Milanowski6Department of Biological Health Hazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Biological Health Hazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Biological Health Hazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, PolandClinic of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, PolandPantoea agglomerans , a Gram-negative bacterium developing in a variety of plants as epiphyte or endophyte is particularly common in grain and grain dust, and has been identified by an interdisciplinary group from Lublin, eastern Poland, as a causative agent of work-related diseases associated with exposure to grain dust and other agricultural dusts. The concentration of [i]P. agglomerans[/i] in grain as well as in the settled grain and flour dust was found to be high, ranging from 10 4 –10 8 CFU/g, while in the air polluted with grain or flour dust it ranged from 10 3 –10 5 CFU/m 3 and formed 73.2–96% of the total airborne Gram-negative bacteria. The concentration of P. agglomerans was also relatively high in the air of the facilities processing herbs and other plant materials, while it was lower in animal farms and in wood processing facilities. Pantoea agglomerans produces a biologically-potent endotoxin (cell wall lipopolysaccharide, LPS). The significant part of this endotoxin occurs in dusts in the form of virus-sized globular nanoparticles measuring 10–50 nm that could be described as the ‘endotoxin super-macromolecules’. A highly significant relationship was found (R=0.804, P=0.000927) between the concentration of the viable P. agglomerans in the air of various agricultural and wood industry settings and the concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the air, as assessed by the Limulus test. Although this result may be interfered by the presence of endotoxin produced by other Gram-negative species, it unequivocally suggests the primary role of the P. agglomerans endotoxin as an adverse agent in the agricultural working environment, causing toxic pneumonitis (ODTS). Numerous experiments by the inhalation exposure of animals to various extracts of P. agglomerans strains isolated from grain dust, including endotoxin isolated with trichloroacetic acid (LPS-TCA), endotoxin nanoparticles isolated in sucrose gradient (VECN), and mixture of proteins and endotoxin obtained by extraction of bacterial mass in saline (CA-S), showed the ability of these extracts to evoke inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the lungs, to stimulate alveolar macrophages to produce superoxide anion (O 2 - ), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and chemotactic factors for other macrophages and neutrophils, and to increase the pulmonary concentrations of toll-like receptors and chemokines. The most potent properties showed the CA-S which may be attributed to the allergenic properties of P. agglomerans proteins enhanced by the presence of the autologous endotoxin. The results of these experiments are in accord with the clinical studies which revealed a high reactivity of the agricultural and grain industry workers to allergenic extracts of P. agglomerans , and the presence in these populations of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and asthma cases caused by this bacterium. P. agglomerans has been also identified as a potential causative agent of allergic dermatitis in farmers and of allergic pulmonary disorders in cattle. In conclusion, similar to the cotton industry, also in the grain industry and in agriculture, Pantoea agglomerans should be regarded as one of the major causative agents of work-related diseases, caused by the adverse effects of protein allergens and endotoxin produced by this bacterium.http://www.journalssystem.com/aaem/Pantoea-agglomerans-a-mysterious-bacterium-of-evil-and-good-Part-II-Deleterious-effects-Dust-borne-endotoxins-and-allergens-focus-on-grain-dust-other-agricultural-dusts-and-wood-dust,72369,0,2.htmlPantoea agglomeransendotoxinsallergensultrastructureagricultural dustsgrain dustwood dustagricultural workersimmunologic responseanimal experimentshypersensitivity pneumonitistoxic pneumonitisasthma |
| spellingShingle | Jacek Dutkiewicz Barbara Mackiewicz Marta Kinga Lemieszek Marcin Golec Czesława Skórska Anna Góra-Florek Janusz Milanowski Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine Pantoea agglomerans endotoxins allergens ultrastructure agricultural dusts grain dust wood dust agricultural workers immunologic response animal experiments hypersensitivity pneumonitis toxic pneumonitis asthma |
| title | Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust |
| title_full | Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust |
| title_fullStr | Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust |
| title_short | Pantoea agglomerans : a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part II. Deleterious effects: Dust-borne endotoxins and allergens – focus on grain dust, other agricultural dusts and wood dust |
| title_sort | pantoea agglomerans a mysterious bacterium of evil and good part ii deleterious effects dust borne endotoxins and allergens focus on grain dust other agricultural dusts and wood dust |
| topic | Pantoea agglomerans endotoxins allergens ultrastructure agricultural dusts grain dust wood dust agricultural workers immunologic response animal experiments hypersensitivity pneumonitis toxic pneumonitis asthma |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/aaem/Pantoea-agglomerans-a-mysterious-bacterium-of-evil-and-good-Part-II-Deleterious-effects-Dust-borne-endotoxins-and-allergens-focus-on-grain-dust-other-agricultural-dusts-and-wood-dust,72369,0,2.html |
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