Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration
The retina is part of the central nervous system, its analysis may provide an idea of the health and functionality, not only of the retina, but also of the entire central nervous system, as has been shown in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Within the retina, the ganglion cells (RGC) are the neu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4287 |
| _version_ | 1797434556657172480 |
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| author | Ciriaco Corral-Domenge Pedro de la Villa Alicia Mansilla Francisco Germain |
| author_facet | Ciriaco Corral-Domenge Pedro de la Villa Alicia Mansilla Francisco Germain |
| author_sort | Ciriaco Corral-Domenge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The retina is part of the central nervous system, its analysis may provide an idea of the health and functionality, not only of the retina, but also of the entire central nervous system, as has been shown in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Within the retina, the ganglion cells (RGC) are the neurons in charge of processing and sending light information to higher brain centers. Diverse insults and pathological states cause degeneration of RGC, leading to irreversible blindness or impaired vision. RGCs are the measurable endpoints in current research into experimental therapies and diagnosis in multiple ocular pathologies, like glaucoma. RGC subtype classifications are based on morphological, functional, genetical, and immunohistochemical aspects. Although great efforts are being made, there is still no classification accepted by consensus. Moreover, it has been observed that each RGC subtype has a different susceptibility to injury. Characterizing these subtypes together with cell death pathway identification will help to understand the degenerative process in the different injury and pathological models, and therefore prevent it. Here we review the known RGC subtypes, as well as the diagnostic techniques, probes, and biomarkers for programmed and unprogrammed cell death in RGC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:34:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5416098b29a14f1eb524a4fc2c1b8349 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:34:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5416098b29a14f1eb524a4fc2c1b83492023-12-01T21:03:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01238428710.3390/ijms23084287Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell DegenerationCiriaco Corral-Domenge0Pedro de la Villa1Alicia Mansilla2Francisco Germain3Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, SpainInstituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, SpainInstituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, SpainInstituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, SpainThe retina is part of the central nervous system, its analysis may provide an idea of the health and functionality, not only of the retina, but also of the entire central nervous system, as has been shown in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Within the retina, the ganglion cells (RGC) are the neurons in charge of processing and sending light information to higher brain centers. Diverse insults and pathological states cause degeneration of RGC, leading to irreversible blindness or impaired vision. RGCs are the measurable endpoints in current research into experimental therapies and diagnosis in multiple ocular pathologies, like glaucoma. RGC subtype classifications are based on morphological, functional, genetical, and immunohistochemical aspects. Although great efforts are being made, there is still no classification accepted by consensus. Moreover, it has been observed that each RGC subtype has a different susceptibility to injury. Characterizing these subtypes together with cell death pathway identification will help to understand the degenerative process in the different injury and pathological models, and therefore prevent it. Here we review the known RGC subtypes, as well as the diagnostic techniques, probes, and biomarkers for programmed and unprogrammed cell death in RGC.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4287retinal ganglion cellsneurodegenerationmarkersapoptosisglaucoma |
| spellingShingle | Ciriaco Corral-Domenge Pedro de la Villa Alicia Mansilla Francisco Germain Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences retinal ganglion cells neurodegeneration markers apoptosis glaucoma |
| title | Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration |
| title_full | Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration |
| title_fullStr | Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration |
| title_short | Tools and Biomarkers for the Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration |
| title_sort | tools and biomarkers for the study of retinal ganglion cell degeneration |
| topic | retinal ganglion cells neurodegeneration markers apoptosis glaucoma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/8/4287 |
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