Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes
Tuning and controlling the magnetic properties of nanomaterials is crucial to implement new and reliable technologies based on magnetic hyperthermia, spintronics, or sensors, among others. Despite variations in the alloy composition as well as the realization of several post material fabrication tre...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7036 |
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| author | Javier García Ruth Gutiérrez Ana S. González Ana I. Jiménez-Ramirez Yolanda Álvarez Víctor Vega Heiko Reith Karin Leistner Carlos Luna Kornelius Nielsch Víctor M. Prida |
| author_facet | Javier García Ruth Gutiérrez Ana S. González Ana I. Jiménez-Ramirez Yolanda Álvarez Víctor Vega Heiko Reith Karin Leistner Carlos Luna Kornelius Nielsch Víctor M. Prida |
| author_sort | Javier García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tuning and controlling the magnetic properties of nanomaterials is crucial to implement new and reliable technologies based on magnetic hyperthermia, spintronics, or sensors, among others. Despite variations in the alloy composition as well as the realization of several post material fabrication treatments, magnetic heterostructures as ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupled layers have been widely used to modify or generate unidirectional magnetic anisotropies. In this work, a pure electrochemical approach has been used to fabricate core (FM)/shell (AFM) Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanowire arrays, avoiding thermal oxidation procedures incompatible with integrative semiconductor technologies. Besides the morphology and compositional characterization of these core/shell nanowires, their peculiar magnetic properties have been studied by temperature dependent (isothermal) hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic curves and FORC analysis, revealing the existence of two different effects derived from Ni nanowires’ surface oxidation over the magnetic performance of the array. First of all, a magnetic hardening of the nanowires along the parallel direction of the applied magnetic field with respect their long axis (easy magnetization axis) has been found. The increase in coercivity, as an effect of surface oxidation, has been observed to be around 17% (43%) at 300 K (50 K). On the other hand, an increasing exchange bias effect on decreasing temperature has been encountered when field cooling (3T) the oxidized Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanowires below 100 K along their parallel lengths. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:01Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:57:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5424dd3a224e4aee81738921f1f4c5ff2023-11-17T19:34:13ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01248703610.3390/ijms24087036Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina MembranesJavier García0Ruth Gutiérrez1Ana S. González2Ana I. Jiménez-Ramirez3Yolanda Álvarez4Víctor Vega5Heiko Reith6Karin Leistner7Carlos Luna8Kornelius Nielsch9Víctor M. Prida10Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, SpainDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, SpainDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, SpainDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, SpainDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, SpainLaboratorio de Membranas Nanoporosas, Edificio de Servicios Científico Técnicos “Severo Ochoa”, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Fernando Bonguera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, SpainLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, GermanyLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, GermanyFacultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas (FCFM), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Av. Universidad S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, MexicoLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, GermanyDepartamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, SpainTuning and controlling the magnetic properties of nanomaterials is crucial to implement new and reliable technologies based on magnetic hyperthermia, spintronics, or sensors, among others. Despite variations in the alloy composition as well as the realization of several post material fabrication treatments, magnetic heterostructures as ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupled layers have been widely used to modify or generate unidirectional magnetic anisotropies. In this work, a pure electrochemical approach has been used to fabricate core (FM)/shell (AFM) Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanowire arrays, avoiding thermal oxidation procedures incompatible with integrative semiconductor technologies. Besides the morphology and compositional characterization of these core/shell nanowires, their peculiar magnetic properties have been studied by temperature dependent (isothermal) hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic curves and FORC analysis, revealing the existence of two different effects derived from Ni nanowires’ surface oxidation over the magnetic performance of the array. First of all, a magnetic hardening of the nanowires along the parallel direction of the applied magnetic field with respect their long axis (easy magnetization axis) has been found. The increase in coercivity, as an effect of surface oxidation, has been observed to be around 17% (43%) at 300 K (50 K). On the other hand, an increasing exchange bias effect on decreasing temperature has been encountered when field cooling (3T) the oxidized Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) nanowires below 100 K along their parallel lengths.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7036nanoporous alumina membranesnanowirescore/shellantiferromagnetismexchange biasFORC |
| spellingShingle | Javier García Ruth Gutiérrez Ana S. González Ana I. Jiménez-Ramirez Yolanda Álvarez Víctor Vega Heiko Reith Karin Leistner Carlos Luna Kornelius Nielsch Víctor M. Prida Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes International Journal of Molecular Sciences nanoporous alumina membranes nanowires core/shell antiferromagnetism exchange bias FORC |
| title | Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes |
| title_full | Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes |
| title_fullStr | Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes |
| title_short | Exchange Bias Effect of Ni@(NiO,Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>) Core/Shell Nanowires Synthesized by Electrochemical Deposition in Nanoporous Alumina Membranes |
| title_sort | exchange bias effect of ni nio ni oh sub 2 sub core shell nanowires synthesized by electrochemical deposition in nanoporous alumina membranes |
| topic | nanoporous alumina membranes nanowires core/shell antiferromagnetism exchange bias FORC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7036 |
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