Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is highly associated with the latent infection of Epstein–Barr virus. The absence of obvious clinical signs at the early stage of the disease has made early diagnosis practically impossible, thereby promoting the establishment and progression of the d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/9/611 |
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| author | Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R. Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola Chan Yean Yean |
| author_facet | Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R. Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola Chan Yean Yean |
| author_sort | Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R. |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is highly associated with the latent infection of Epstein–Barr virus. The absence of obvious clinical signs at the early stage of the disease has made early diagnosis practically impossible, thereby promoting the establishment and progression of the disease. To enhance the stride for a reliable and less invasive tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC, we synopsize biomarkers belonging to the two most implicated biological domains (oncogenes and tumor suppressors) in NPC disease. Since no single biomarker is sufficient for diagnosis and prognosis, coupled with the fact that the known established methods such as methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex methylation-specific PCR, microarray assays, etc., can only accommodate a few biomarkers, we propose a 10-biomarker panel (KIT, LMP1, PIKC3A, miR-141, and miR-18a/b (oncogenic) and p16, RASSF1A, DAP-kinase, miR-9, and miR-26a (tumor suppressors)) based on their diagnostic and prognostic values. This marker set could be explored in a multilevel or single unified assay for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. If carefully harnessed and standardized, it is hoped that the proposed marker set would help transform the diagnostic and prognostic realm of NPC, and ultimately, help prevent the life-threatening late-stage NPC disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:09:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54370a1caebf4632af7a55a0aba77cb5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:09:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-54370a1caebf4632af7a55a0aba77cb52023-11-20T10:42:01ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-08-0110961110.3390/diagnostics10090611Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal CarcinomaEngku Nur Syafirah E. A. R.0Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola1Chan Yean Yean2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is highly associated with the latent infection of Epstein–Barr virus. The absence of obvious clinical signs at the early stage of the disease has made early diagnosis practically impossible, thereby promoting the establishment and progression of the disease. To enhance the stride for a reliable and less invasive tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC, we synopsize biomarkers belonging to the two most implicated biological domains (oncogenes and tumor suppressors) in NPC disease. Since no single biomarker is sufficient for diagnosis and prognosis, coupled with the fact that the known established methods such as methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), multiplex methylation-specific PCR, microarray assays, etc., can only accommodate a few biomarkers, we propose a 10-biomarker panel (KIT, LMP1, PIKC3A, miR-141, and miR-18a/b (oncogenic) and p16, RASSF1A, DAP-kinase, miR-9, and miR-26a (tumor suppressors)) based on their diagnostic and prognostic values. This marker set could be explored in a multilevel or single unified assay for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC. If carefully harnessed and standardized, it is hoped that the proposed marker set would help transform the diagnostic and prognostic realm of NPC, and ultimately, help prevent the life-threatening late-stage NPC disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/9/611tumor-suppressor geneoncogenemiRNAnasopharyngeal carcinomatumor biomarker |
| spellingShingle | Engku Nur Syafirah E. A. R. Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola Chan Yean Yean Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnostics tumor-suppressor gene oncogene miRNA nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor biomarker |
| title | Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
| title_full | Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
| title_short | Diagnostic and Prognostic Indications of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
| title_sort | diagnostic and prognostic indications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
| topic | tumor-suppressor gene oncogene miRNA nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/9/611 |
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