Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration
Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton, which produce intricate, tightly regulated, exoskeleton calcite structures. The formation of biogenic calcite occurs either intracellularly, forming ‘wheel-like’ calcite plates, or extracellularly, forming ‘tiled-li...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/8/288 |
| _version_ | 1797999262214127616 |
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| author | Pamela J. Walsh Kathryn Fee Susan A. Clarke Matthew L. Julius Fraser J. Buchanan |
| author_facet | Pamela J. Walsh Kathryn Fee Susan A. Clarke Matthew L. Julius Fraser J. Buchanan |
| author_sort | Pamela J. Walsh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton, which produce intricate, tightly regulated, exoskeleton calcite structures. The formation of biogenic calcite occurs either intracellularly, forming ‘wheel-like’ calcite plates, or extracellularly, forming ‘tiled-like’ plates known as coccoliths. Secreted coccoliths then self-assemble into multiple layers to form the coccosphere, creating a protective wall around the organism. The cell wall hosts a variety of unique species-specific inorganic morphologies that cannot be replicated synthetically. Although biomineralisation has been extensively studied, it is still not fully understood. It is becoming more apparent that biologically controlled mineralisation is still an elusive goal. A key question to address is how nature goes from basic building blocks to the ultrafine, highly organised structures found in coccolithophores. A better understanding of coccolithophore biomineralisation will offer new insight into biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of advanced, functionalised materials for bone tissue regeneration. The purpose of this review is to spark new interest in biomineralisation and gain new insight into coccolithophores from a material science perspective, drawing on existing knowledge from taxonomists, geologists, palaeontologists and phycologists. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:01:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54393bf4b17e414ab9084bb30a9d112f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:01:50Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-54393bf4b17e414ab9084bb30a9d112f2022-12-22T04:28:31ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972018-08-0116828810.3390/md16080288md16080288Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone RegenerationPamela J. Walsh0Kathryn Fee1Susan A. Clarke2Matthew L. Julius3Fraser J. Buchanan4School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UKSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, UKSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UKDepartment of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301, USASchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, UKCoccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton, which produce intricate, tightly regulated, exoskeleton calcite structures. The formation of biogenic calcite occurs either intracellularly, forming ‘wheel-like’ calcite plates, or extracellularly, forming ‘tiled-like’ plates known as coccoliths. Secreted coccoliths then self-assemble into multiple layers to form the coccosphere, creating a protective wall around the organism. The cell wall hosts a variety of unique species-specific inorganic morphologies that cannot be replicated synthetically. Although biomineralisation has been extensively studied, it is still not fully understood. It is becoming more apparent that biologically controlled mineralisation is still an elusive goal. A key question to address is how nature goes from basic building blocks to the ultrafine, highly organised structures found in coccolithophores. A better understanding of coccolithophore biomineralisation will offer new insight into biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of advanced, functionalised materials for bone tissue regeneration. The purpose of this review is to spark new interest in biomineralisation and gain new insight into coccolithophores from a material science perspective, drawing on existing knowledge from taxonomists, geologists, palaeontologists and phycologists.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/8/288coccolithophorebiomineralisationbone tissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Pamela J. Walsh Kathryn Fee Susan A. Clarke Matthew L. Julius Fraser J. Buchanan Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration Marine Drugs coccolithophore biomineralisation bone tissue engineering |
| title | Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration |
| title_full | Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration |
| title_short | Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration |
| title_sort | blueprints for the next generation of bioinspired and biomimetic mineralised composites for bone regeneration |
| topic | coccolithophore biomineralisation bone tissue engineering |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/8/288 |
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