Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum
Plocamium cartilagineum is a common red alga on the benthos of Antarctica and can be a dominant understory species along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Algae from this region have been studied chemically, and like “P. cartilagineum” from other worldwide locations where it is common, it is rich in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-06-01
|
| Series: | Marine Drugs |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/6/2126 |
| _version_ | 1811308255839780864 |
|---|---|
| author | Ryan M. Young Jacqueline L. von Salm Margaret O. Amsler Juan Lopez-Bautista Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker |
| author_facet | Ryan M. Young Jacqueline L. von Salm Margaret O. Amsler Juan Lopez-Bautista Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker |
| author_sort | Ryan M. Young |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plocamium cartilagineum is a common red alga on the benthos of Antarctica and can be a dominant understory species along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Algae from this region have been studied chemically, and like “P. cartilagineum” from other worldwide locations where it is common, it is rich in halogenated monoterpenes, some of which have been implicated as feeding deterrents toward sympatric algal predators. Secondary metabolites are highly variable in this alga, both qualitatively and quantitatively, leading us to probe individual plants to track the possible link of variability to genetic or other factors. Using cox1 and rbcL gene sequencing, we find that the Antarctic alga divides into two closely related phylogroups, but not species, each of which is further divided into one of five chemogroups. The chemogroups themselves, defined on the basis of Bray-Curtis similarity profiling of GC/QqQ chromatographic analyses, are largely site specific within a 10 km2 area. Thus, on the limited geographical range of this analysis, P. cartilagineum displays only modest genetic radiation, but its secondary metabolome was found to have experienced more extensive radiation. Such metabogenomic divergence demonstrated on the larger geographical scale of the Antarctic Peninsula, or perhaps even continent-wide, may contribute to the discovery of cryptic speciation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:19:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5440d8c492c141029ffda8289d6a7546 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:19:45Z |
| publishDate | 2013-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-5440d8c492c141029ffda8289d6a75462022-12-22T02:52:38ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972013-06-011162126213910.3390/md11062126Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineumRyan M. YoungJacqueline L. von SalmMargaret O. AmslerJuan Lopez-BautistaCharles D. AmslerJames B. McClintockBill J. BakerPlocamium cartilagineum is a common red alga on the benthos of Antarctica and can be a dominant understory species along the western Antarctic Peninsula. Algae from this region have been studied chemically, and like “P. cartilagineum” from other worldwide locations where it is common, it is rich in halogenated monoterpenes, some of which have been implicated as feeding deterrents toward sympatric algal predators. Secondary metabolites are highly variable in this alga, both qualitatively and quantitatively, leading us to probe individual plants to track the possible link of variability to genetic or other factors. Using cox1 and rbcL gene sequencing, we find that the Antarctic alga divides into two closely related phylogroups, but not species, each of which is further divided into one of five chemogroups. The chemogroups themselves, defined on the basis of Bray-Curtis similarity profiling of GC/QqQ chromatographic analyses, are largely site specific within a 10 km2 area. Thus, on the limited geographical range of this analysis, P. cartilagineum displays only modest genetic radiation, but its secondary metabolome was found to have experienced more extensive radiation. Such metabogenomic divergence demonstrated on the larger geographical scale of the Antarctic Peninsula, or perhaps even continent-wide, may contribute to the discovery of cryptic speciation.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/6/2126red algaesecondary metabolite variabilityAntarcticametabogenomic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ryan M. Young Jacqueline L. von Salm Margaret O. Amsler Juan Lopez-Bautista Charles D. Amsler James B. McClintock Bill J. Baker Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum Marine Drugs red algae secondary metabolite variability Antarctica metabogenomic analysis |
| title | Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum |
| title_full | Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum |
| title_fullStr | Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum |
| title_short | Site-Specific Variability in the Chemical Diversity of the Antarctic Red Alga Plocamium cartilagineum |
| title_sort | site specific variability in the chemical diversity of the antarctic red alga plocamium cartilagineum |
| topic | red algae secondary metabolite variability Antarctica metabogenomic analysis |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/11/6/2126 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ryanmyoung sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum AT jacquelinelvonsalm sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum AT margaretoamsler sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum AT juanlopezbautista sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum AT charlesdamsler sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum AT jamesbmcclintock sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum AT billjbaker sitespecificvariabilityinthechemicaldiversityoftheantarcticredalgaplocamiumcartilagineum |