Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential
Native nanostructured lipoproteins such as low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) are powerful tools for the targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. While the cellular recognition of well-known HDL-based carriers occurs via interactions with an HDL receptor, the selective delivery a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Drug Delivery |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2021.1886199 |
| _version_ | 1818334047955320832 |
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| author | Lin Di Andrei Maiseyeu |
| author_facet | Lin Di Andrei Maiseyeu |
| author_sort | Lin Di |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Native nanostructured lipoproteins such as low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) are powerful tools for the targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. While the cellular recognition of well-known HDL-based carriers occurs via interactions with an HDL receptor, the selective delivery and uptake of LDL particles by target cells are more complex. The most well-known mode of LDL-based delivery is via the interaction between apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) – the main protein of LDL – and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is expressed in the liver, adipocytes, and macrophages, and thus selectively delivers LDL carriers to these cells and tissues. Moreover, the elevated expression of LDLR in tumor cells indicates a role for LDL in the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, chronic inflammation associated with hypercholesterolemia (i.e., high levels of endogenous LDL) can be abated by LDL carriers, which outcompete the deleterious oxidized LDL for uptake by macrophages. In this case, synthetic LDL nanocarriers act as ‘eat-me’ signals and exploit mechanisms of native LDL uptake for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Lastly, recent studies have shown that the delivery of LDL-based nanocarriers to macrophages via fluid-phase pinocytosis is a promising tool for atherosclerosis imaging. Hence, the present review summarizes the use of natural and synthetic LDL-based carriers for drug delivery and imaging and discusses various mechanisms of targeting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:01:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5444de644dca4b8f8af8e5d456957288 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1071-7544 1521-0464 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T14:01:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drug Delivery |
| spelling | doaj.art-5444de644dca4b8f8af8e5d4569572882022-12-21T23:42:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupDrug Delivery1071-75441521-04642021-01-0128140842110.1080/10717544.2021.18861991886199Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potentialLin Di0Andrei Maiseyeu1Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityNative nanostructured lipoproteins such as low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) are powerful tools for the targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. While the cellular recognition of well-known HDL-based carriers occurs via interactions with an HDL receptor, the selective delivery and uptake of LDL particles by target cells are more complex. The most well-known mode of LDL-based delivery is via the interaction between apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) – the main protein of LDL – and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is expressed in the liver, adipocytes, and macrophages, and thus selectively delivers LDL carriers to these cells and tissues. Moreover, the elevated expression of LDLR in tumor cells indicates a role for LDL in the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, chronic inflammation associated with hypercholesterolemia (i.e., high levels of endogenous LDL) can be abated by LDL carriers, which outcompete the deleterious oxidized LDL for uptake by macrophages. In this case, synthetic LDL nanocarriers act as ‘eat-me’ signals and exploit mechanisms of native LDL uptake for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Lastly, recent studies have shown that the delivery of LDL-based nanocarriers to macrophages via fluid-phase pinocytosis is a promising tool for atherosclerosis imaging. Hence, the present review summarizes the use of natural and synthetic LDL-based carriers for drug delivery and imaging and discusses various mechanisms of targeting.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2021.1886199low-density lipoproteinseat-me signaloxidized lipoproteinsynthetic ldl mimicsmolecular imagingdrug delivery |
| spellingShingle | Lin Di Andrei Maiseyeu Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential Drug Delivery low-density lipoproteins eat-me signal oxidized lipoprotein synthetic ldl mimics molecular imaging drug delivery |
| title | Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential |
| title_full | Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential |
| title_fullStr | Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential |
| title_short | Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential |
| title_sort | low density lipoprotein nanomedicines mechanisms of targeting biology and theranostic potential |
| topic | low-density lipoproteins eat-me signal oxidized lipoprotein synthetic ldl mimics molecular imaging drug delivery |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2021.1886199 |
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