Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and veterinary pathogen. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from free-flying wild pigeons and houseflies from different locations surrounding a local hospital in the G...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-06-01
|
| Series: | One Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142300191X |
| _version_ | 1827223027617628160 |
|---|---|
| author | Trevor K. Wilson Oliver T. Zishiri Mohamed E. El Zowalaty |
| author_facet | Trevor K. Wilson Oliver T. Zishiri Mohamed E. El Zowalaty |
| author_sort | Trevor K. Wilson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and veterinary pathogen. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from free-flying wild pigeons and houseflies from different locations surrounding a local hospital in the Greater Durban area in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Environmental fecal samples were obtained from wild pigeons that inhabits the grounds of a local public hospital located on the South Beach area, Durban, South Africa. Housefly samples were collected from three different locations (Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve, Montclair/Clairwood, and Glenwood/Berea) in the greater Durban area, all within a close proximity to the hospital. Following enrichment, identification, and antimicrobial resistance profiling, S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA extraction using the boiling method. It was found that 57 out of 252 samples (22.62%) were positive for S. aureus. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method of antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and revealed that antibiotic resistance rates to penicillin and rifampicin were the most common, with both returning 48 (84.2%) out of the 57 S. aureus isolates being resistant to penicillin and rifampicin. Antibiotic resistance rates to clindamycin, linezolid, erythromycin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin were 82.5%, 78.9%, 73.7%, 63.2%, 33.3%, and 15.8% respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected using primer-specific PCR and it was found that the prevalence rates of tetM, aac(6′)–aph(2″), mecA, tetK, ermc, and blaZ genes were 66.7%, 40.4%, 40.4%, 38.6%, 24.6%, and 3.51% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) relationships between the tetM, aac(6′)–aph(2″), and ermC genes and all parameters tested. A significant correlation between the aac(6′)–aph(2″) gene and the tetM (0.506) and ermC (−0.386) genes was identified. It was found that 23 (40.3%) S. aureus isolates were mecA positive, of which 10 (52.6%) out of 19 cefoxitin-resistant isolates were mecA positive and 13 (35.1%) out of 37 cefoxitin-sensitive isolates were mecA positive. The results of the present study demonstrated the detection of methicillin and multidrug resistant S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from wild pigeons and houseflies in the surroundings of a local public hospital in the Greater Durban area in South Africa. The findings of the study may account for the emergence of multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections. The findings highlight the significant role of wild pigeons and houseflies in the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic S. aureus including MRSA. The conclusions of the present study highlight the improtant role of wildlife and the environment as interconnected contributors of One Health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:22:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5448ef1a90a44369b79d4a75140fbb5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-7714 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-21T16:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | One Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5448ef1a90a44369b79d4a75140fbb5d2024-06-16T05:45:23ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142024-06-0118100671Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South AfricaTrevor K. Wilson0Oliver T. Zishiri1Mohamed E. El Zowalaty2Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaVeterinary Medicine and Food Security Research Group, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding author at: Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women’s Campus, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates.Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and veterinary pathogen. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from free-flying wild pigeons and houseflies from different locations surrounding a local hospital in the Greater Durban area in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Environmental fecal samples were obtained from wild pigeons that inhabits the grounds of a local public hospital located on the South Beach area, Durban, South Africa. Housefly samples were collected from three different locations (Kenneth Stainbank Nature Reserve, Montclair/Clairwood, and Glenwood/Berea) in the greater Durban area, all within a close proximity to the hospital. Following enrichment, identification, and antimicrobial resistance profiling, S. aureus isolates were subjected to DNA extraction using the boiling method. It was found that 57 out of 252 samples (22.62%) were positive for S. aureus. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method of antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and revealed that antibiotic resistance rates to penicillin and rifampicin were the most common, with both returning 48 (84.2%) out of the 57 S. aureus isolates being resistant to penicillin and rifampicin. Antibiotic resistance rates to clindamycin, linezolid, erythromycin, tetracycline, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin were 82.5%, 78.9%, 73.7%, 63.2%, 33.3%, and 15.8% respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes were detected using primer-specific PCR and it was found that the prevalence rates of tetM, aac(6′)–aph(2″), mecA, tetK, ermc, and blaZ genes were 66.7%, 40.4%, 40.4%, 38.6%, 24.6%, and 3.51% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) relationships between the tetM, aac(6′)–aph(2″), and ermC genes and all parameters tested. A significant correlation between the aac(6′)–aph(2″) gene and the tetM (0.506) and ermC (−0.386) genes was identified. It was found that 23 (40.3%) S. aureus isolates were mecA positive, of which 10 (52.6%) out of 19 cefoxitin-resistant isolates were mecA positive and 13 (35.1%) out of 37 cefoxitin-sensitive isolates were mecA positive. The results of the present study demonstrated the detection of methicillin and multidrug resistant S. aureus isolated from samples obtained from wild pigeons and houseflies in the surroundings of a local public hospital in the Greater Durban area in South Africa. The findings of the study may account for the emergence of multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections. The findings highlight the significant role of wild pigeons and houseflies in the spread of drug-resistant pathogenic S. aureus including MRSA. The conclusions of the present study highlight the improtant role of wildlife and the environment as interconnected contributors of One Health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142300191XStaphylococcus aureusAntimicrobial resistanceWild pigeonsColumba domestica liviaColumba liviaHouseflies |
| spellingShingle | Trevor K. Wilson Oliver T. Zishiri Mohamed E. El Zowalaty Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa One Health Staphylococcus aureus Antimicrobial resistance Wild pigeons Columba domestica livia Columba livia Houseflies |
| title | Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa |
| title_full | Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa |
| title_fullStr | Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa |
| title_short | Molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons (Columba livia) in South Africa |
| title_sort | molecular detection of multidrug and methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus isolated from wild pigeons columba livia in south africa |
| topic | Staphylococcus aureus Antimicrobial resistance Wild pigeons Columba domestica livia Columba livia Houseflies |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142300191X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT trevorkwilson moleculardetectionofmultidrugandmethicillinresistanceinstaphylococcusaureusisolatedfromwildpigeonscolumbaliviainsouthafrica AT olivertzishiri moleculardetectionofmultidrugandmethicillinresistanceinstaphylococcusaureusisolatedfromwildpigeonscolumbaliviainsouthafrica AT mohamedeelzowalaty moleculardetectionofmultidrugandmethicillinresistanceinstaphylococcusaureusisolatedfromwildpigeonscolumbaliviainsouthafrica |