Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis
Iron, as inorganic ion or as oxide, is widely used by biological systems in a myriad of biological functions (e.g., enzymatic, gene activation and/or regulation). In particular, marine organisms containing silica structures—diatoms and sponges—grow preferentially in the presence of iron. Using pri...
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MDPI AG
2014-08-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4659 |
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| author | Filipe Natalio Stefanie Wiese Norman Friedrich Peter Werner Muhammad Nawaz Tahir |
| author_facet | Filipe Natalio Stefanie Wiese Norman Friedrich Peter Werner Muhammad Nawaz Tahir |
| author_sort | Filipe Natalio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iron, as inorganic ion or as oxide, is widely used by biological systems in a myriad of biological functions (e.g., enzymatic, gene activation and/or regulation). In particular, marine organisms containing silica structures—diatoms and sponges—grow preferentially in the presence of iron. Using primary sponge cell culture from S. domuncula–primmorphs—as an in vitro model to study the Demospongiae spiculogenesis, we found the presence of agglomerates 50 nm in diameter exclusively inside sponge specialized cells called sclerocytes. A clear phase/material separation is observed between the agglomerates and the initial stages of intracellular spicule formation. STEM-HRTEM-EDX analysis of the agglomerates (30–100 nm) showed that they are composed of pseudohexagonal nanoparticles between 5 and 15 nm in size, displaying lattice parameters corresponding to hematite (Fe2O3) and mixed iron oxide phases typically attributed to ferritin. Further analysis, using western blotting, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), sequence alignment analysis, immunostaining and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of mature spicule filaments confirm the presence of ferritin within these organic structures. We suggest that S. domuncula can be classified as a dual biomineralizating organism, i.e., within the same cellular structure two distinct biomineralizing processes can occur as a result of the same cellular/metabolic function, spiculogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:27:42Z |
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| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:27:42Z |
| publishDate | 2014-08-01 |
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| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-544e9e4077a940ce98749786e0bfe26d2022-12-22T03:10:34ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972014-08-011284659467610.3390/md12084659md12084659Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on SpiculogenesisFilipe Natalio0Stefanie Wiese1Norman Friedrich2Peter Werner3Muhammad Nawaz Tahir4Institut für Chemie—Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II—Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, GermanyInstitut für Chemie—Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II—Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, GermanyInstitut für Chemie—Anorganische Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II—Chemie, Physik und Mathematik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, Halle 06120, GermanyMax-Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, GermanyInstitut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10–14, Mainz 55099, GermanyIron, as inorganic ion or as oxide, is widely used by biological systems in a myriad of biological functions (e.g., enzymatic, gene activation and/or regulation). In particular, marine organisms containing silica structures—diatoms and sponges—grow preferentially in the presence of iron. Using primary sponge cell culture from S. domuncula–primmorphs—as an in vitro model to study the Demospongiae spiculogenesis, we found the presence of agglomerates 50 nm in diameter exclusively inside sponge specialized cells called sclerocytes. A clear phase/material separation is observed between the agglomerates and the initial stages of intracellular spicule formation. STEM-HRTEM-EDX analysis of the agglomerates (30–100 nm) showed that they are composed of pseudohexagonal nanoparticles between 5 and 15 nm in size, displaying lattice parameters corresponding to hematite (Fe2O3) and mixed iron oxide phases typically attributed to ferritin. Further analysis, using western blotting, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), sequence alignment analysis, immunostaining and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), of mature spicule filaments confirm the presence of ferritin within these organic structures. We suggest that S. domuncula can be classified as a dual biomineralizating organism, i.e., within the same cellular structure two distinct biomineralizing processes can occur as a result of the same cellular/metabolic function, spiculogenesis.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4659Suberites domunculaprimmorphsironferritinspiculogenesis |
| spellingShingle | Filipe Natalio Stefanie Wiese Norman Friedrich Peter Werner Muhammad Nawaz Tahir Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis Marine Drugs Suberites domuncula primmorphs iron ferritin spiculogenesis |
| title | Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis |
| title_full | Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis |
| title_short | Localization and Characterization of Ferritin in Demospongiae: A Possible Role on Spiculogenesis |
| title_sort | localization and characterization of ferritin in demospongiae a possible role on spiculogenesis |
| topic | Suberites domuncula primmorphs iron ferritin spiculogenesis |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/8/4659 |
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