Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility
ABSTRACT: During weaning, withdrawal of milk replacer is not directly compensated for by an increase in solid feed intake. Therefore, greater fat inclusion in the starter might mitigate this temporary dietary energy decline. However, fat inclusion in solid feeds may generally limit rumen fermentabil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222005045 |
| _version_ | 1818023355417100288 |
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| author | L. Amado L.N. Leal H. van Laar H. Berends W.J.J. Gerrits J. Martín-Tereso |
| author_facet | L. Amado L.N. Leal H. van Laar H. Berends W.J.J. Gerrits J. Martín-Tereso |
| author_sort | L. Amado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: During weaning, withdrawal of milk replacer is not directly compensated for by an increase in solid feed intake. Therefore, greater fat inclusion in the starter might mitigate this temporary dietary energy decline. However, fat inclusion in solid feeds may generally limit rumen fermentability and development. To address these potentially conflicting outcomes, we conducted 2 experiments to evaluate the effect of supplementing a high-fat extruded pellet mixed with a calf starter on feed intake, performance, and nutrient digestibility in calves. In experiment 1, 60 Holstein bull calves were blocked by serum IgG (2,449 ± 176 mg/dL) and date of arrival (2.5 ± 0.5 d of age). Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: a standard control calf starter (CON; 3.1% fat) and mixtures of CON with 10% inclusion of 1 of 2 different high-fat extruded pellets containing 85% of either hydrogenated free palm fatty acids (PFA, 7.1% fat) or hydrogenated rapeseed triglycerides (RFT, 6.7% fat). Calves were offered milk replacer up to 920 g/d until 42 d of age, followed by a gradual weaning period of 7 d. Calves had ad libitum access to the starter diets, straw, and water. No differences were observed between CON, PFA, and RFT calves on body weight (BW) or average daily gain (ADG) until 49 d of age. From weaning (50 d) until 112 d, PFA calves had a greater BW and ADG than RFT and CON animals. Moreover, PFA calves had the highest intakes of starter, straw, calculated metabolizable energy, and crude protein after weaning. Overall, no differences were present in blood β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations between treatments; however, calves in the RFT treatment had a higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1. In experiment 2, 24 Holstein bull calves at 3 mo of age were assigned to 1 of 8 blocks based on arrival BW and age. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments previously described for experiment 1. Calves on the RFT treatment had the lowest total-tract apparent dry matter and fat digestibility, potentially explaining the differences in performance observed between PFA and RFT calves. Inclusion of the PFA pellet at 10% with a calf starter improved BW, solid feed, and energy intake after weaning. However, these benefits were conditioned by fat source and its digestibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:43:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-546636c392db4c58aaf0245d83084037 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:43:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-546636c392db4c58aaf0245d830840372022-12-22T02:03:30ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022022-10-011051080878098Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibilityL. Amado0L.N. Leal1H. van Laar2H. Berends3W.J.J. Gerrits4J. Martín-Tereso5Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Corresponding authorTrouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the NetherlandsTrouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the NetherlandsTrouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the NetherlandsAnimal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the NetherlandsTrouw Nutrition Research and Development, PO Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the NetherlandsABSTRACT: During weaning, withdrawal of milk replacer is not directly compensated for by an increase in solid feed intake. Therefore, greater fat inclusion in the starter might mitigate this temporary dietary energy decline. However, fat inclusion in solid feeds may generally limit rumen fermentability and development. To address these potentially conflicting outcomes, we conducted 2 experiments to evaluate the effect of supplementing a high-fat extruded pellet mixed with a calf starter on feed intake, performance, and nutrient digestibility in calves. In experiment 1, 60 Holstein bull calves were blocked by serum IgG (2,449 ± 176 mg/dL) and date of arrival (2.5 ± 0.5 d of age). Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: a standard control calf starter (CON; 3.1% fat) and mixtures of CON with 10% inclusion of 1 of 2 different high-fat extruded pellets containing 85% of either hydrogenated free palm fatty acids (PFA, 7.1% fat) or hydrogenated rapeseed triglycerides (RFT, 6.7% fat). Calves were offered milk replacer up to 920 g/d until 42 d of age, followed by a gradual weaning period of 7 d. Calves had ad libitum access to the starter diets, straw, and water. No differences were observed between CON, PFA, and RFT calves on body weight (BW) or average daily gain (ADG) until 49 d of age. From weaning (50 d) until 112 d, PFA calves had a greater BW and ADG than RFT and CON animals. Moreover, PFA calves had the highest intakes of starter, straw, calculated metabolizable energy, and crude protein after weaning. Overall, no differences were present in blood β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose concentrations between treatments; however, calves in the RFT treatment had a higher concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1. In experiment 2, 24 Holstein bull calves at 3 mo of age were assigned to 1 of 8 blocks based on arrival BW and age. Within each block, calves were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments previously described for experiment 1. Calves on the RFT treatment had the lowest total-tract apparent dry matter and fat digestibility, potentially explaining the differences in performance observed between PFA and RFT calves. Inclusion of the PFA pellet at 10% with a calf starter improved BW, solid feed, and energy intake after weaning. However, these benefits were conditioned by fat source and its digestibility.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222005045calf weaningfat inclusionsolid feed |
| spellingShingle | L. Amado L.N. Leal H. van Laar H. Berends W.J.J. Gerrits J. Martín-Tereso Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility Journal of Dairy Science calf weaning fat inclusion solid feed |
| title | Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility |
| title_full | Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility |
| title_fullStr | Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility |
| title_short | Effects of mixing a high-fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance, feed intake, and digestibility |
| title_sort | effects of mixing a high fat extruded pellet with a dairy calf starter on performance feed intake and digestibility |
| topic | calf weaning fat inclusion solid feed |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222005045 |
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