Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus
Due to the high prevalence of infectious diseases and their concurrent outbreaks, there is a high interest in developing novel materials with antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial and antiviral properties of a range of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising means to fight airborne disease...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/12/2549 |
| _version_ | 1797455769376915456 |
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| author | Anna-Liisa Kubo Kai Rausalu Natalja Savest Eva Žusinaite Grigory Vasiliev Mihkel Viirsalu Tiia Plamus Andres Krumme Andres Merits Olesja Bondarenko |
| author_facet | Anna-Liisa Kubo Kai Rausalu Natalja Savest Eva Žusinaite Grigory Vasiliev Mihkel Viirsalu Tiia Plamus Andres Krumme Andres Merits Olesja Bondarenko |
| author_sort | Anna-Liisa Kubo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the high prevalence of infectious diseases and their concurrent outbreaks, there is a high interest in developing novel materials with antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial and antiviral properties of a range of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising means to fight airborne diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. The aim of this study was to test antimicrobial metals and metal-based nanoparticles efficacy against three viruses, namely influenza A virus (H1N1; A/WSN/1933) and coronaviruses TGEV and SARS-CoV-2; and two bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The efficacy of ZnO, CuO, and Ag NPs and their respective metal salts, i.e., ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, CuSO<sub>4</sub>, and AgNO<sub>3</sub>, was evaluated in suspensions, and the compounds with the highest antiviral efficacy were chosen for incorporation into fibers of cellulose acetate (CA), using electrospinning to produce filter materials for face masks. Among the tested compounds, CuSO<sub>4</sub> demonstrated the highest efficacy against influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 (1 h IC50 1.395 mg/L and 0.45 mg/L, respectively), followed by Zn salt and Ag salt. Therefore, Cu compounds were selected for incorporation into CA fibers to produce antiviral and antibacterial filter materials for face masks. CA fibers comprising CuSO<sub>4</sub> decreased SARS-CoV-2 titer by 0.38 logarithms and influenza A virus titer by 1.08 logarithms after 5 min of contact; after 1 h of contact, SARS-COV-2 virus was completely inactivated. Developed CuO- and CuSO<sub>4</sub>-based filter materials also efficiently inactivated the bacteria <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The metal NPs and respective metal salts were potent antibacterial and antiviral compounds that were successfully incorporated into the filter materials of face masks. New antibacterial and antiviral materials developed and characterized in this study are crucial in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:58:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5473fad207a0423689c5bec51a1e6715 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:58:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5473fad207a0423689c5bec51a1e67152023-11-24T17:17:52ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-11-011412254910.3390/pharmaceutics14122549Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A VirusAnna-Liisa Kubo0Kai Rausalu1Natalja Savest2Eva Žusinaite3Grigory Vasiliev4Mihkel Viirsalu5Tiia Plamus6Andres Krumme7Andres Merits8Olesja Bondarenko9Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, EstoniaInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaLaboratory of Polymers and Textile Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaLaboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, EstoniaLaboratory of Polymers and Textile Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaLaboratory of Polymers and Textile Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaLaboratory of Polymers and Textile Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, EstoniaInstitute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, EstoniaLaboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, EstoniaDue to the high prevalence of infectious diseases and their concurrent outbreaks, there is a high interest in developing novel materials with antimicrobial properties. Antibacterial and antiviral properties of a range of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising means to fight airborne diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. The aim of this study was to test antimicrobial metals and metal-based nanoparticles efficacy against three viruses, namely influenza A virus (H1N1; A/WSN/1933) and coronaviruses TGEV and SARS-CoV-2; and two bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The efficacy of ZnO, CuO, and Ag NPs and their respective metal salts, i.e., ZnSO<sub>4</sub>, CuSO<sub>4</sub>, and AgNO<sub>3</sub>, was evaluated in suspensions, and the compounds with the highest antiviral efficacy were chosen for incorporation into fibers of cellulose acetate (CA), using electrospinning to produce filter materials for face masks. Among the tested compounds, CuSO<sub>4</sub> demonstrated the highest efficacy against influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 (1 h IC50 1.395 mg/L and 0.45 mg/L, respectively), followed by Zn salt and Ag salt. Therefore, Cu compounds were selected for incorporation into CA fibers to produce antiviral and antibacterial filter materials for face masks. CA fibers comprising CuSO<sub>4</sub> decreased SARS-CoV-2 titer by 0.38 logarithms and influenza A virus titer by 1.08 logarithms after 5 min of contact; after 1 h of contact, SARS-COV-2 virus was completely inactivated. Developed CuO- and CuSO<sub>4</sub>-based filter materials also efficiently inactivated the bacteria <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The metal NPs and respective metal salts were potent antibacterial and antiviral compounds that were successfully incorporated into the filter materials of face masks. New antibacterial and antiviral materials developed and characterized in this study are crucial in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/12/2549coronavirussilverzinc oxidecopper oxidetoxicityface masks |
| spellingShingle | Anna-Liisa Kubo Kai Rausalu Natalja Savest Eva Žusinaite Grigory Vasiliev Mihkel Viirsalu Tiia Plamus Andres Krumme Andres Merits Olesja Bondarenko Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Pharmaceutics coronavirus silver zinc oxide copper oxide toxicity face masks |
| title | Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus |
| title_full | Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus |
| title_short | Antibacterial and Antiviral Effects of Ag, Cu and Zn Metals, Respective Nanoparticles and Filter Materials Thereof against Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus |
| title_sort | antibacterial and antiviral effects of ag cu and zn metals respective nanoparticles and filter materials thereof against coronavirus sars cov 2 and influenza a virus |
| topic | coronavirus silver zinc oxide copper oxide toxicity face masks |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/12/2549 |
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